CVE-2025-23736 in Form to JSON Plugin
Summary
by MITRE • 03/03/2025
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in NotFound Form To JSON allows Reflected XSS. This issue affects Form To JSON: from n/a through 1.0.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/03/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-23736 represents a critical cross-site scripting weakness within the NotFound Form To JSON plugin, specifically affecting versions ranging from an unknown baseline through version 1.0. This flaw resides in the improper neutralization of input during web page generation processes, creating a pathway for malicious actors to inject and execute arbitrary script code within the context of affected user browsers. The vulnerability manifests as a reflected cross-site scripting issue, meaning that malicious input is immediately reflected back to the user without adequate sanitization or encoding measures.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and output encoding within the plugin's processing pipeline. When user-supplied data is received through form submissions or URL parameters, the system fails to properly sanitize this input before incorporating it into dynamically generated web content. This inadequate neutralization creates an environment where attacker-controlled script payloads can be seamlessly embedded into web pages, particularly when the application processes and displays user input without proper context-aware encoding. The reflected nature of this vulnerability means that the malicious script code is immediately returned to the user's browser through the application's response, typically via URL parameters or form fields, making exploitation straightforward and immediate.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple data theft or defacement, as it enables attackers to execute arbitrary code within the victim's browser context with the privileges of that user. This could potentially lead to session hijacking, credential theft, redirection to malicious sites, or the execution of unauthorized actions on behalf of the user. The vulnerability affects any web application utilizing the Form To JSON plugin within the specified version range, making it particularly concerning for organizations that rely on this specific plugin for form processing and data handling. The reflected nature of the XSS allows for rapid exploitation through phishing campaigns, social engineering, or by simply sharing malicious links with targeted users, amplifying the potential attack surface and impact.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-23736 should prioritize immediate remediation through plugin updates to the latest version that addresses this vulnerability. Organizations must implement comprehensive input validation and output encoding mechanisms throughout their web applications, ensuring that all user-supplied data is properly sanitized before being incorporated into dynamic web content. The implementation of Content Security Policy headers can provide additional defense-in-depth measures, while regular security audits and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities within the application stack. This vulnerability aligns with CWE-79 which specifically addresses cross-site scripting flaws, and maps to ATT&CK technique T1566.001 for the initial access phase through malicious links and T1071.001 for application layer protocol usage in command and control communications. Organizations should also establish robust monitoring protocols to detect potential exploitation attempts and maintain up-to-date threat intelligence feeds to stay informed about emerging attack patterns targeting similar vulnerabilities.