CVE-2025-25477 in SysPass
Summary
by MITRE • 02/28/2025
A host header injection vulnerability in SysPass 3.2x allows an attacker to load malicious JS files from an arbitrary domain which would be executed in the victim's browser.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/10/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-25477 represents a critical host header injection flaw within SysPass version 3.2x, a password management solution that serves as a centralized repository for user credentials and authentication data. This vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of host headers in the application's HTTP response handling mechanism, creating a pathway for malicious actors to manipulate the host header field during HTTP requests. The flaw enables attackers to inject arbitrary host values that are then reflected in the application's responses, potentially leading to the execution of malicious JavaScript code within the victim's browser context.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability occurs when SysPass processes HTTP requests and fails to properly sanitize or validate the host header parameter before incorporating it into response headers or redirect mechanisms. This weakness allows attackers to craft malicious requests where the host header contains a domain controlled by the attacker, potentially causing the application to generate redirect URLs or resource references that point to attacker-controlled domains. When legitimate users interact with the application and receive responses containing these manipulated host headers, the browser executes JavaScript code loaded from the attacker's domain, creating a cross-site scripting scenario that can be leveraged for session hijacking, credential theft, or other malicious activities.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-25477 extends beyond simple XSS exploitation, as it fundamentally compromises the trust model of the password management system. Since SysPass handles sensitive authentication credentials and user data, successful exploitation could enable attackers to establish persistent access to user accounts, potentially leading to broader network compromise. The vulnerability's severity is amplified by the fact that it operates at the HTTP protocol level, making it difficult to detect through traditional application-level security controls. Attackers can leverage this flaw to create convincing phishing scenarios where legitimate-looking URLs redirect to malicious domains, exploiting the trust relationship between users and the application. This vulnerability directly maps to CWE-20, which describes improper input validation, and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1531 for "Modify Existing Service" and T1190 for "Exploit Public-Facing Application" within the adversary's attack lifecycle.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-25477 require immediate implementation of host header validation mechanisms within the SysPass application framework. Organizations should implement strict host header validation that ensures the host header value matches the expected domain or explicitly reject requests with unexpected host values. The application should enforce a whitelist of valid host headers and sanitize all user-supplied input before incorporating it into HTTP responses. Additionally, implementing proper Content Security Policy headers can help prevent execution of unauthorized JavaScript code even if the injection occurs. Security teams should also consider deploying web application firewalls that can detect and block suspicious host header patterns, while regular security audits should verify that all HTTP response headers are properly validated. The vulnerability highlights the importance of following secure coding practices and adhering to OWASP Top Ten security guidelines, particularly focusing on input validation and secure configuration management to prevent similar issues in other components of the application stack.