CVE-2025-25899 in TL-WR841ND
Summary
by MITRE • 02/13/2025
A buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in TP-Link TL-WR841ND V11 via the 'gw' parameter at /userRpm/WanDynamicIpV6CfgRpm.htm. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted packet.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/30/2025
The buffer overflow vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-25899 affects the TP-Link TL-WR841ND V11 wireless router model, specifically within the web interface component responsible for handling IPv6 configuration parameters. This vulnerability resides in the /userRpm/WanDynamicIpV6CfgRpm.htm page where the 'gw' parameter is processed without adequate input validation or bounds checking. The flaw represents a classic buffer overflow condition that occurs when user-supplied data exceeds the allocated memory buffer space, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution or system instability.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from insufficient parameter validation within the router's web application framework. When an attacker submits a crafted 'gw' parameter value that exceeds the predetermined buffer size, the system fails to properly handle the overflow condition, resulting in memory corruption that can trigger a system crash or reboot. This type of vulnerability falls under CWE-121, which specifically addresses stack-based buffer overflow conditions, and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1203 for exploitation of input validation weaknesses in network infrastructure devices. The vulnerability is particularly concerning as it exists within the router's management interface, which is typically accessible to remote attackers without authentication.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple denial of service, as it provides attackers with the capability to remotely disrupt network connectivity for devices relying on the affected router for internet access. The DoS condition can be triggered through simple HTTP requests containing maliciously crafted parameters, making exploitation trivial and accessible to attackers with minimal technical expertise. Network administrators may experience service interruptions that could affect business continuity, particularly in environments where router stability is critical for operations. The vulnerability's remote exploitability means that attackers can potentially target multiple devices simultaneously without requiring physical access to the network infrastructure.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-25899 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from TP-Link to address the buffer overflow condition in the affected router model. Network administrators should implement network segmentation and access controls to limit exposure of vulnerable devices to untrusted networks, while also monitoring for unusual traffic patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. Additionally, implementing web application firewalls and input validation controls can provide additional layers of protection against similar vulnerabilities. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of proper input validation and memory management in embedded network devices, highlighting the need for security testing throughout the development lifecycle to prevent such conditions from reaching production environments. Organizations should also consider conducting vulnerability assessments of their network infrastructure to identify similar issues in other router models and network appliances that may be susceptible to similar buffer overflow conditions.