CVE-2025-26186 in openSIS
Summary
by MITRE • 07/15/2025
SQL Injection vulnerability in openSIS v.9.1 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the id parameter in Ajax.php
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/15/2025
The SQL injection vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-26186 affects openSIS version 9.1, a widely used student information system that manages educational institution data including student records, grades, and administrative functions. This critical security flaw exists within the Ajax.php component of the application, which handles asynchronous data requests from web clients. The vulnerability specifically manifests when the application fails to properly sanitize or validate user input passed through the id parameter, creating an exploitable entry point for malicious actors to manipulate database queries. The affected system processes user-supplied identifiers without adequate input validation, allowing attackers to inject malicious SQL commands that can be executed within the database context of the application.
This vulnerability represents a classic SQL injection attack vector that aligns with CWE-89, which defines improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands. The flaw enables an attacker to bypass authentication mechanisms, extract sensitive data, modify database records, or even escalate privileges within the application's database environment. The remote nature of the attack means that malicious actors can exploit this vulnerability from outside the network perimeter without requiring physical access or prior authentication credentials. The id parameter in Ajax.php serves as the primary attack surface where user input directly influences SQL query construction, making it particularly dangerous as it can be leveraged to access confidential student information, academic records, and institutional data. The vulnerability's impact extends beyond simple data theft as it can potentially allow full database compromise and persistent backdoor establishment.
The operational impact of this vulnerability poses significant risks to educational institutions relying on openSIS for critical administrative functions. Attackers could exploit this weakness to gain unauthorized access to student personal information, academic transcripts, attendance records, and other sensitive educational data that typically falls under privacy regulations such as FERPA in the united states. The remote execution capability means that threats can originate from anywhere on the internet, making traditional network-based security measures insufficient for protection. Organizations using openSIS version 9.1 face potential regulatory violations, reputational damage, and legal consequences from data breaches resulting from this vulnerability. The attack could also lead to service disruption, data corruption, or complete system compromise that would require extensive recovery efforts and could impact educational operations during critical periods such as enrollment or grading cycles.
Organizations should immediately implement multiple layers of defense to mitigate this vulnerability. The primary remediation involves input validation and parameterized queries to prevent malicious SQL code execution, which aligns with ATT&CK technique T1071.004 for application layer attacks. Database access controls should be reviewed and restricted to minimize potential damage from successful exploitation attempts. Network segmentation and firewall rules should be implemented to limit access to the affected application components. Regular security assessments and vulnerability scanning should be conducted to identify similar issues within the application and its dependencies. Patch management procedures should be established to ensure timely updates from the openSIS vendor when fixes become available. Additionally, monitoring systems should be deployed to detect unusual database activity patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts, and incident response procedures should be prepared to address potential breaches. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of secure coding practices and input validation in web applications, particularly those handling sensitive personal data.