CVE-2025-27632 in TRMTracker
Summary
by MITRE • 03/25/2025
A Host Header Injection vulnerability in TRMTracker application may allow an attacker by modifying the host header value in an HTTP request to leverage multiple attack vectors, including defacing the site content through web-cache poisoning.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/24/2025
The CVE-2025-27632 vulnerability represents a critical host header injection flaw within the TRMTracker application that fundamentally compromises the application's ability to validate and trust HTTP request origins. This vulnerability falls under the category of insecure input handling and directly relates to CWE-614, which specifically addresses sensitive cookie exposure through improper host header validation. The flaw exists because the application fails to properly validate or sanitize the host header parameter during request processing, creating an opportunity for malicious actors to manipulate this critical HTTP header field.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability allows attackers to inject arbitrary host header values into HTTP requests, which the application then processes without adequate validation. When the application constructs URLs or generates redirects based on the host header value, it becomes susceptible to manipulation that can lead to various downstream security consequences. The vulnerability specifically enables attackers to craft malicious requests that appear to originate from trusted domains, thereby bypassing security controls that rely on host header validation for access control decisions. This manipulation can occur at multiple layers of the application stack, including session management, authentication flows, and content generation processes.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple injection attacks, as it provides attackers with a powerful vector for executing web-cache poisoning attacks. By manipulating the host header, malicious actors can cause the application to generate cached responses that contain defacement content or malicious payloads, which then propagate to other users through content delivery networks and browser caches. This creates a persistent threat that can affect multiple users simultaneously and can be particularly damaging for applications that rely heavily on caching mechanisms for performance optimization. The vulnerability also enables session hijacking attempts, where attackers can manipulate host headers to create forged session cookies that appear valid to the application, potentially leading to unauthorized access to user accounts.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on implementing strict host header validation mechanisms that ensure the host header value matches the expected domain configuration. Organizations should enforce proper input sanitization techniques that validate host header values against a predefined whitelist of acceptable domains and reject any requests containing unexpected host header values. The implementation should follow ATT&CK technique T1071.004 for application layer protocol manipulation and should include proper logging and monitoring to detect suspicious host header patterns. Additionally, organizations should implement proper HTTP header management practices, including the use of secure header configurations and regular security assessments to identify potential injection points that could be exploited through similar means. The solution must also address CWE-352 concerns related to cross-site request forgery by ensuring that all application-generated content properly validates the host header context to prevent attackers from crafting malicious requests that leverage the application's trust in legitimate host header values.