CVE-2025-29431 in Online Class and Exam Scheduling System
Summary
by MITRE • 03/17/2025
Code-projects Online Class and Exam Scheduling System V1.0 is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS) in /pages/department.php via the id, code, and name parameters.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/05/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-29431 affects the Code-projects Online Class and Exam Scheduling System version 1.0, specifically targeting the /pages/department.php endpoint. This represents a critical security flaw that exposes the system to cross site scripting attacks through improper input validation and output encoding mechanisms. The vulnerability manifests when user-supplied parameters including id, code, and name are processed without adequate sanitization, allowing malicious actors to inject malicious scripts that execute in the context of other users' browsers.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation within the department.php script where parameters are directly incorporated into HTML output without proper HTML entity encoding or sanitization. This creates an environment where attackers can craft malicious payloads that exploit the trust relationship between the web application and its users. When the vulnerable parameters are processed and rendered in the web interface, the injected scripts execute in the victim's browser context, potentially leading to session hijacking, credential theft, or redirection to malicious sites. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-79 which specifically addresses cross site scripting flaws in web applications, and represents a classic example of reflected XSS where the malicious script is reflected off the web server and executed in the victim's browser.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple script execution, as it provides attackers with the capability to manipulate the application's behavior and access sensitive user data. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to steal session cookies, modify department information, or gain unauthorized access to administrative functions. The reflected nature of the attack means that victims would need to be tricked into clicking malicious links containing the exploit payload, making this a significant concern for user interaction and social engineering attacks. This vulnerability particularly affects the scheduling and class management functionality of the system, potentially compromising the integrity of educational data and user privacy.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-29431 should prioritize immediate input validation and output encoding implementations across all user-supplied parameters. The system requires comprehensive sanitization of all input data using established libraries and frameworks that properly encode output for HTML contexts. Implementing Content Security Policy headers and using secure coding practices such as parameterized queries and proper input validation can significantly reduce the attack surface. Organizations should also consider implementing web application firewalls to detect and block suspicious payloads, while regular security assessments and code reviews should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities. The remediation process must include thorough testing of all web interfaces to ensure that no other endpoints suffer from similar input validation weaknesses, aligning with ATT&CK technique T1213 which focuses on data from information repositories and the importance of protecting against unauthorized access to system information through proper input sanitization.