CVE-2025-30752 in Java SE
Summary
by MITRE • 07/15/2025
Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK product of Oracle Java SE (component: Compiler). The supported version that is affected is Oracle Java SE: 24.0.1; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 24.0.1. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK. Note: This vulnerability applies to Java deployments, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets, that load and run untrusted code (e.g., code that comes from the internet) and rely on the Java sandbox for security. This vulnerability does not apply to Java deployments, typically in servers, that load and run only trusted code (e.g., code installed by an administrator). CVSS 3.1 Base Score 3.7 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/28/2025
This vulnerability resides within the Oracle Java SE and Oracle GraalVM for JDK compiler components, specifically affecting version 24.0.1 of both platforms. The flaw represents a medium-severity issue with a CVSS base score of 3.7, classified under the availability impact vector, indicating that successful exploitation could lead to partial denial of service conditions. The vulnerability is categorized as difficult to exploit, requiring an unauthenticated attacker with network access through multiple protocols to achieve compromise. According to the Common Weakness Enumeration framework, this vulnerability aligns with CWE-119, which encompasses weaknesses related to memory safety and improper handling of memory access patterns during code compilation processes.
The technical nature of this vulnerability stems from potential issues within the compiler's handling of untrusted code execution paths, particularly when Java Web Start applications or applets are involved. These sandboxed environments are designed to provide security boundaries for executing code downloaded from untrusted sources, but this flaw creates potential for bypassing those protective mechanisms. The vulnerability specifically targets deployments where untrusted code is loaded and executed, typically found in client-side applications rather than server-side implementations that run only trusted code. This distinction is crucial because server deployments with trusted code sources are not affected by this particular vulnerability, as they do not rely on the same sandboxing mechanisms that make client-side applications vulnerable.
The operational impact of this vulnerability manifests as a partial denial of service condition, which means that while complete system compromise is not guaranteed, the affected Java runtime environments could experience degraded functionality or temporary unavailability. Attackers exploiting this vulnerability could potentially disrupt legitimate user activities by causing applications to hang, crash, or become unresponsive during code compilation or execution phases. The partial denial of service nature suggests that the impact is not catastrophic but still represents a meaningful security concern for systems relying on Java-based applications. This vulnerability particularly affects environments where Java applets or Web Start applications are frequently used, such as legacy enterprise applications or specialized client software that has not yet transitioned to modern web technologies.
Organizations should implement several mitigation strategies to address this vulnerability effectively. The primary recommendation involves updating to the latest supported versions of Oracle Java SE and Oracle GraalVM for JDK, as Oracle typically releases patches that address known compiler vulnerabilities. Additionally, administrators should consider implementing network segmentation and access controls to limit exposure of affected systems to untrusted network traffic. The principle of least privilege should be enforced by ensuring that Java applications only execute with minimal required permissions, particularly in sandboxed environments. Organizations should also consider disabling or restricting the use of Java applets and Web Start applications where possible, as these technologies are increasingly deprecated due to security concerns. The ATT&CK framework suggests that this vulnerability could be leveraged as part of a broader attack chain, potentially serving as a foothold for more sophisticated attacks, making proactive mitigation essential. Regular security assessments and monitoring for anomalous Java runtime behavior should be implemented to detect potential exploitation attempts.