CVE-2025-30778 in VForm Plugin
Summary
by MITRE • 04/02/2025
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Vikas Ratudi VForm allows Reflected XSS. This issue affects VForm: from n/a through 3.1.9.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/02/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-30778 represents a critical cross-site scripting weakness in the VForm web application developed by Vikas Ratudi. This reflected XSS vulnerability occurs during the web page generation process when input parameters are not properly sanitized before being rendered in the user interface. The flaw allows attackers to inject malicious scripts that execute in the context of other users' browsers, potentially compromising their sessions and access to sensitive data. The vulnerability impacts all versions of VForm from the initial release through version 3.1.9, indicating a long-standing issue that has persisted across multiple iterations of the software.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and output encoding mechanisms within the application's web rendering pipeline. When user-supplied data is directly incorporated into dynamically generated web pages without proper sanitization, malicious payloads can be executed in the victim's browser context. This reflected nature means that the malicious script must be injected through an external source such as a malicious link or email, which when clicked by a victim triggers the script execution. The vulnerability maps directly to CWE-79 which defines improper neutralization of input during web page generation, specifically covering reflected cross-site scripting scenarios where user input is immediately reflected back to the user without adequate sanitization.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple script execution, as it can enable attackers to perform session hijacking, steal sensitive information, manipulate web content, and potentially escalate privileges within the affected system. An attacker could craft malicious URLs that, when visited by authenticated users, would execute scripts that capture session cookies or redirect users to phishing sites. The reflected nature of the vulnerability means that successful exploitation requires social engineering to get victims to click malicious links, but once executed, the attack can persist for the duration of the victim's session. This vulnerability also aligns with several ATT&CK techniques including T1566 for social engineering and T1059 for command and scripting interpreter usage.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-30778 should prioritize immediate implementation of proper input validation and output encoding mechanisms throughout the application's processing pipeline. The most effective approach involves implementing comprehensive sanitization of all user-supplied input before any rendering occurs, combined with proper context-appropriate encoding for each output location. Organizations should implement Content Security Policy headers to limit script execution and establish a robust input validation framework that rejects or sanitizes potentially malicious content. Additionally, upgrading to the latest version of VForm where this vulnerability has been patched should be prioritized, as the vulnerability affects versions through 3.1.9. Regular security testing including dynamic application security testing and manual penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar weaknesses in the application's codebase and ensure that input handling remains secure against evolving attack vectors.