CVE-2025-31340 in Wisdom Master Pro
Summary
by MITRE • 04/17/2025
A improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP program vulnerability in the retrieve course Information function of Wisdom Master Pro versions 5.0 through 5.2 allows remote attackers to perform arbitrary system commands by running a malicious file.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/17/2025
This vulnerability exists within the Wisdom Master Pro learning management system version 5.0 through 5.2 where the retrieve course information function fails to properly validate or sanitize user-supplied input used in include or require statements. The flaw stems from inadequate input validation mechanisms that allow malicious filenames to be passed directly into PHP's include/require functions without proper sanitization or authorization checks. This represents a classic path traversal and code inclusion vulnerability that falls under CWE-22 Path Traversal and CWE-94 Code Injection categories. Attackers can exploit this weakness by crafting malicious filenames that, when processed through the vulnerable function, result in arbitrary code execution on the target system.
The technical exploitation occurs when an attacker sends a specially crafted request containing a malicious filename parameter to the retrieve course information endpoint. The application processes this input without proper validation, allowing the include/require statement to execute arbitrary files from the filesystem. This vulnerability enables remote code execution through the inclusion of malicious PHP files that may be uploaded or already present on the server. The attack vector aligns with ATT&CK technique T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application and T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter, as it allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the target system through the web application interface.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe as it provides attackers with full system access capabilities through the web application layer. Remote attackers can execute arbitrary system commands, potentially leading to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, or deployment of additional malware. The vulnerability affects versions 5.0 through 5.2 of Wisdom Master Pro, indicating a widespread issue within the product line that could impact numerous installations. Organizations using this software face significant risk of unauthorized access and potential data breaches. The vulnerability's remote exploitability means attackers do not require physical access to the system and can target installations over the network.
Mitigation strategies should include immediate patching of affected versions to address the input validation flaw in the retrieve course information function. Organizations should implement proper input sanitization and validation mechanisms that prevent malicious filenames from being processed through include/require statements. The implementation of a whitelist approach for filename validation, combined with proper access controls, can prevent unauthorized file inclusion. Additionally, deploying web application firewalls and implementing proper network segmentation can help reduce the attack surface. Security monitoring should be enhanced to detect suspicious file inclusion patterns and unauthorized access attempts to the vulnerable function. Regular security assessments and code reviews should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other application components, particularly those handling dynamic file operations. The fix should ensure that all user-supplied input undergoes strict validation before being used in any dynamic inclusion operations, aligning with secure coding practices recommended by OWASP and NIST guidelines.