CVE-2025-32644 in World Clock Plugin
Summary
by MITRE • 04/09/2025
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in ip2location IP2Location World Clock allows Stored XSS. This issue affects IP2Location World Clock: from n/a through 1.1.9.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/09/2025
This vulnerability represents a critical security flaw in the IP2Location World Clock application that combines cross-site request forgery with stored cross-site scripting capabilities. The vulnerability exists within a web application that provides world clock functionality and allows users to interact with time zone data through web interfaces. The specific flaw enables attackers to manipulate the application's behavior through malicious requests that can persist and execute malicious scripts against unsuspecting users who access the affected application. The vulnerability affects all versions of the IP2Location World Clock application from the initial release through version 1.1.9, indicating a long-standing issue that has not been properly addressed.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from inadequate validation and sanitization of user-supplied input within the application's request handling mechanisms. When users submit data through the web interface, the application fails to properly validate or sanitize the input before storing it in the database or application state. This allows malicious input to be stored and subsequently executed when other users view the affected content. The CSRF aspect of the vulnerability means that attackers can craft malicious requests that exploit the application's trust in authenticated users, while the stored XSS component allows these malicious payloads to persist and execute automatically when other users access the affected pages. This combination creates a particularly dangerous attack vector as it can be exploited without requiring users to directly interact with malicious content.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is significant as it can lead to complete compromise of user sessions and potential data exfiltration. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to steal session cookies, execute malicious scripts that can redirect users to phishing sites, or perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users. The stored nature of the XSS means that even users who do not directly interact with the malicious content can be affected when they view pages containing the persisted malicious scripts. This creates a persistent threat that can affect multiple users over time, potentially leading to widespread session hijacking, credential theft, or other malicious activities. The vulnerability essentially allows attackers to establish a foothold within the application that can be exploited repeatedly by anyone who accesses the affected content.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on implementing robust input validation and output encoding mechanisms throughout the application. The primary defense involves ensuring that all user-supplied input is properly validated and sanitized before being stored or processed by the application. This includes implementing proper CSRF token validation mechanisms that require authentication tokens to be present and valid for all state-changing operations. Additionally, the application should implement proper output encoding for all data displayed to users, ensuring that any potentially malicious content is rendered harmless when presented in the user interface. The implementation of Content Security Policy headers can provide additional protection against XSS attacks by restricting the sources from which scripts can be loaded. Security updates should be prioritized to patch the vulnerability in all affected versions of the IP2Location World Clock application, with version 1.1.9 representing the last affected release. Organizations should also consider implementing web application firewalls and monitoring systems to detect and prevent exploitation attempts. This vulnerability aligns with CWE-352 for CSRF and CWE-79 for XSS, and represents a threat that can be mapped to ATT&CK technique T1531 for credential access and T1566 for credential access through social engineering.