CVE-2025-34040 in Beijing Zhiyuan Internet
Summary
by MITRE • 06/24/2025
An arbitrary file upload vulnerability exists in the Zhiyuan OA platform via the wpsAssistServlet interface. The realFileType and fileId parameters are improperly validated during multipart file uploads, allowing unauthenticated attackers to upload crafted JSP files outside of intended directories using path traversal. Successful exploitation enables remote code execution as the uploaded file can be accessed and executed through the web server. Exploitation evidence was observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2025-02-01 UTC.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/07/2026
The CVE-2025-34040 vulnerability represents a critical arbitrary file upload flaw in the Zhiyuan OA platform that leverages the wpsAssistServlet interface to enable remote code execution. This vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of the realFileType and fileId parameters during multipart file upload operations, creating a path traversal opportunity that allows attackers to bypass intended directory restrictions. The flaw specifically affects the platform's file handling mechanisms where the system fails to properly sanitize user-supplied file path information, enabling attackers to manipulate the upload destination through directory traversal sequences.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability follows a well-established pattern that aligns with CWE-434 which describes insecure file upload vulnerabilities. Attackers can craft malicious requests that include path traversal sequences such as ../ or ..\ in the fileId parameter, allowing them to place uploaded files in arbitrary locations on the server filesystem. The wpsAssistServlet interface becomes the attack vector where the system processes the uploaded files without adequate validation of the intended upload path, enabling attackers to place malicious JSP files outside of designated upload directories. This misconfiguration creates a direct pathway for remote code execution since the web server will execute any JSP files placed in accessible web directories.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized file placement, as it provides attackers with persistent remote code execution capabilities on the affected system. Once successfully exploited, attackers can deploy backdoors, establish persistent access, and potentially escalate privileges within the compromised environment. The vulnerability affects unauthenticated attackers, meaning no valid credentials are required to exploit the flaw, which significantly increases the attack surface and risk exposure. The fact that exploitation evidence was documented by Shadowserver Foundation on 2025-02-01 UTC indicates that this vulnerability has been actively targeted in the wild, making it a pressing security concern for organizations using the Zhiyuan OA platform.
Organizations affected by this vulnerability should implement immediate mitigations including input validation controls, proper file type restrictions, and directory traversal prevention measures. The remediation approach should focus on implementing strict validation of all file upload parameters, particularly the fileId and realFileType values, to prevent path traversal attacks. Network segmentation and web application firewalls can provide additional layers of protection while permanent fixes are implemented. This vulnerability maps to several ATT&CK techniques including T1190 for exploitation of vulnerabilities, T1059 for command and scripting interpreter usage, and T1566 for phishing with malicious attachments, making comprehensive defense-in-depth strategies essential for protecting against exploitation attempts.