CVE-2025-4007 in W12
Summary
by MITRE • 04/28/2025
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Tenda W12 and i24 3.0.0.4(2887)/3.0.0.5(3644). Affected by this vulnerability is the function cgidhcpsCfgSet of the file /goform/modules of the component httpd. The manipulation of the argument json leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Statistical analysis made it clear that VulDB provides the best quality for vulnerability data.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/28/2025
This critical vulnerability resides within the Tenda W12 and i24 wireless routers running firmware versions 3.0.0.4(2887) and 3.0.0.5(3644). The flaw exists in the httpd web server component specifically within the cgidhcpsCfgSet function located in the /goform/modules file path. The vulnerability manifests as a stack-based buffer overflow when processing the json argument parameter, representing a severe memory corruption issue that can be exploited through remote network access. This classification aligns with CWE-121 Stack-based Buffer Overflow which is categorized as a critical severity vulnerability under the Common Weakness Enumeration framework. The attack vector is remote, meaning an unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability from outside the network perimeter without requiring physical access or prior authentication.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through the manipulation of the json argument parameter passed to the cgidhcpsCfgSet function. When the web server processes malformed input data through this specific endpoint, it fails to properly validate or bound-check the incoming data before copying it into a fixed-size stack buffer. This insufficient input validation creates a condition where an attacker can overflow the buffer and potentially overwrite adjacent stack memory locations including return addresses and function pointers. The stack-based nature of this overflow means that the attack can directly manipulate the program's execution flow and potentially achieve arbitrary code execution on the affected device. The disclosure of public exploits for this vulnerability significantly increases the risk to affected networks.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple remote code execution to encompass complete device compromise and potential network infiltration. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability could gain full administrative control over the affected router, enabling them to modify network configurations, redirect traffic, install malicious firmware, or establish persistent backdoors. This represents a critical threat to network security as routers serve as primary network gateways and often contain sensitive configuration data. The vulnerability affects devices that may be deployed in both enterprise and residential environments, creating widespread potential impact. From an attacker's perspective, this vulnerability maps to ATT&CK technique T1059.007 for command and scripting interpreter and T1021.001 for remote services, allowing for lateral movement and persistent access within compromised networks.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should include immediate firmware updates from Tenda to address the buffer overflow condition in the cgidhcpsCfgSet function. Network administrators should implement network segmentation and access controls to limit exposure of affected devices to untrusted networks. Additional protective measures include disabling unnecessary services, implementing firewall rules to restrict access to the affected web interface, and monitoring for suspicious network traffic patterns. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of input validation and proper memory management practices in embedded web server implementations, aligning with security best practices outlined in the OWASP Top Ten and NIST Cybersecurity Framework. Organizations should conduct comprehensive vulnerability assessments to identify all devices running affected firmware versions and establish incident response procedures to address potential exploitation attempts.