CVE-2025-41077 in Inbox
Summary
by MITRE • 01/12/2026
IDOR vulnerability has been found in Viafirma Inbox v4.5.13 that allows any authenticated user without privileges in the application to list all users, access and modify their data. This allows the user's email addresses to be modified and, subsequently, using the password recovery functionality to access the application by impersonating any user, including those with administrative permissions.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/28/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-41077 represents a critical insecure direct object reference flaw within Viafirma Inbox version 4.5.13 that fundamentally undermines the application's access control mechanisms. This type of vulnerability falls under CWE-639 which specifically addresses authorization flaws allowing attackers to bypass access control checks. The flaw exists in the application's user management and data access controls, where authenticated users can manipulate object references to gain unauthorized access to resources belonging to other users. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it operates at the core of the application's user authentication and authorization framework, creating a pathway for privilege escalation and unauthorized data manipulation.
The technical implementation of this IDOR vulnerability stems from improper validation of user permissions when processing requests for user data and email addresses. When authenticated users make requests to retrieve or modify user information, the application fails to adequately verify whether the requesting user has legitimate authorization to access or modify the target user's data. This lack of proper access control validation allows any authenticated user to construct requests that reference arbitrary user identifiers, effectively bypassing the normal authorization checks that should prevent cross-user data access. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it operates silently without triggering any security alerts, making it difficult to detect through standard monitoring mechanisms.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends far beyond simple data exposure, as it creates a complete breakdown in the application's identity and access management system. An attacker can not only enumerate all users within the system but can also modify their email addresses and subsequently exploit the password recovery functionality to gain full administrative access to the application. This represents a severe privilege escalation scenario that can lead to complete system compromise, data theft, and unauthorized administrative actions. The vulnerability enables attackers to impersonate any user account, including those with administrative permissions, effectively granting them full control over the application's functionality and user data.
Organizations utilizing Viafirma Inbox v4.5.13 should immediately implement comprehensive mitigations to address this vulnerability. The primary remediation involves implementing proper access control validation at every point where user data is accessed or modified, ensuring that each request is validated against the authenticated user's permissions and privileges. This includes implementing proper input validation and sanitization of object references to prevent attackers from manipulating user identifiers. Additionally, organizations should consider implementing role-based access control mechanisms that enforce the principle of least privilege, ensuring users can only access data and perform actions appropriate to their assigned roles. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of regular security testing and code reviews to identify and remediate similar access control flaws that may exist within the application's architecture. This issue aligns with ATT&CK technique T1078 which focuses on valid accounts and privilege escalation through unauthorized access to legitimate user accounts.