CVE-2025-41663 in IE-SR-2TX-WL
Summary
by MITRE • 06/11/2025
An unauthenticated remote attacker in a man-in-the-middle position can inject arbitrary commands in responses returned by WWH servers and gain arbitrary command execution with elevated privileges.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/23/2025
This vulnerability represents a critical remote command execution flaw in WWH servers that exploits a man-in-the-middle attack vector to enable arbitrary code injection in server responses. The vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker positioned between client and server communications to manipulate response data and execute commands with elevated privileges, fundamentally compromising the server's integrity and confidentiality. The flaw stems from insufficient input validation and output encoding mechanisms within the server's response handling processes, creating a pathway for malicious actors to inject command sequences that are subsequently executed by the server's processing engine. This vulnerability directly impacts the server's authentication and authorization mechanisms, potentially allowing attackers to escalate privileges and gain full control over the affected system.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability involves the exploitation of weak sanitization controls in the server's response generation logic. When WWH servers process incoming requests and generate corresponding responses, the system fails to properly validate or escape special characters that could be interpreted as command sequences. An attacker in a man-in-the-middle position can intercept network traffic and modify response payloads to include malicious command injection patterns that bypass normal security controls. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-94, which describes insufficient validation of dangerous or unexpected inputs, and CWE-78, which addresses improper neutralization of special elements used in OS commands. The attack vector leverages the principle that network traffic between client and server is not adequately protected against tampering, making it susceptible to injection attacks that exploit trust relationships between components.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple command execution to encompass complete system compromise and potential lateral movement within network environments. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can execute commands with the highest available privileges, potentially gaining access to sensitive data, modifying system configurations, or establishing persistent access through backdoor mechanisms. The unauthenticated nature of the attack means that no prior credentials or access rights are required to exploit the vulnerability, making it particularly dangerous for systems that do not implement robust network segmentation or encryption controls. This vulnerability can facilitate privilege escalation attacks and may enable attackers to pivot to other systems within the network, as the compromised server could serve as a launching point for broader attacks. The potential for data exfiltration and system disruption creates significant business continuity risks for organizations relying on affected WWH server implementations.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability must address both the immediate security gap and broader network security posture. Organizations should implement robust input validation and output encoding mechanisms that sanitize all user-supplied data before processing, following established security guidelines from NIST and OWASP frameworks. Network traffic encryption through TLS protocols should be enforced to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, while proper certificate management and validation mechanisms must be implemented to ensure secure communication channels. The implementation of web application firewalls and intrusion detection systems can help identify and block malicious injection attempts. Regular security updates and patch management procedures should be established to address similar vulnerabilities in the future, while network segmentation and access controls can limit the potential impact of successful exploitation attempts. Additionally, organizations should conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities in their infrastructure, ensuring compliance with industry standards such as those outlined in the MITRE ATT&CK framework for command and control operations.