CVE-2025-41668 in AXC F 1152
Summary
by MITRE • 07/08/2025
A low privileged remote attacker with file access can replace a critical file or folder used by the service security-profile to get read, write and execute access to any file on the device.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/08/2025
This vulnerability represents a critical privilege escalation flaw that allows low privileged remote attackers to gain extensive system access through strategic file replacement attacks. The vulnerability specifically targets the security-profile service component where an attacker with merely file access permissions can substitute critical system files or directories. This manipulation enables the attacker to achieve read, write, and execute privileges across any file on the targeted device, effectively bypassing normal access controls and security boundaries.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from inadequate file access controls and insufficient validation mechanisms within the security-profile service. When the service processes critical files or directories, it fails to properly verify the integrity or authenticity of these components before execution. This weakness creates a path for attackers to replace legitimate system files with malicious counterparts that grant elevated privileges. The flaw operates at the file system level where the service does not enforce proper access controls or file integrity checks during critical operations, allowing unauthorized modifications to propagate through the system.
From an operational impact perspective, this vulnerability fundamentally undermines the security model of the affected system by enabling attackers to escalate privileges without requiring elevated credentials or complex exploitation techniques. The low privilege requirement means that attackers can potentially leverage this vulnerability from external network positions without needing physical access or prior system compromise. Once successfully exploited, the attacker gains complete control over the device's file system, enabling data exfiltration, system modification, persistence establishment, and further lateral movement within the network. This vulnerability essentially provides a backdoor that bypasses traditional security controls and authentication mechanisms.
The vulnerability aligns with CWE-276 which addresses incorrect permissions for critical resources, and represents a classic example of privilege escalation through file system manipulation. From an attack framework perspective, this flaw maps to multiple ATT&CK techniques including privilege escalation through file system permissions and persistence mechanisms. The vulnerability also relates to CWE-352 which covers cross-site request forgery, though in this case the attack vector involves file system manipulation rather than web-based requests. Organizations should implement immediate mitigations including restricting file access permissions, implementing file integrity monitoring, and ensuring proper service account permissions to prevent unauthorized file modifications.
Effective mitigation strategies include implementing mandatory access controls that prevent unauthorized file replacement operations, deploying file integrity monitoring solutions to detect suspicious file modifications, and restricting the service account privileges to only necessary file system access. Regular security audits should verify that critical system files maintain proper permissions and that no unauthorized modifications have occurred. Additionally, implementing automated patch management processes and network segmentation can help limit the impact of potential exploitation attempts. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of defense in depth principles and proper least privilege implementation in system security design.