CVE-2025-41685 in ennexos.sunnyportal.com
Summary
by MITRE • 08/19/2025
A low-privileged remote attacker can obtain the username of another registered Sunny Portal user by entering that user's email address.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/19/2025
This vulnerability represents a significant information disclosure flaw in the Sunny Portal authentication system that allows low-privileged remote attackers to enumerate valid user accounts through email address input. The vulnerability stems from an insecure implementation of user account validation logic where the system does not properly handle email-based user lookup requests. When an attacker submits a valid email address associated with a registered user account, the system responds in a manner that reveals the existence of that account, effectively enabling account enumeration attacks. This type of vulnerability is classified under CWE-200 as "Information Exposure" and falls within the broader category of insecure direct object reference issues that can lead to user account enumeration.
The technical implementation flaw manifests in the application's response handling mechanism during user authentication or account recovery processes. Rather than providing generic error messages for both valid and invalid email addresses, the system returns different responses based on whether the email address corresponds to an existing user account. This differential response behavior creates a side-channel attack vector that allows attackers to systematically determine which email addresses are registered within the system. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it requires minimal privileges to exploit and can be automated through scripting tools to rapidly enumerate multiple user accounts. This aligns with ATT&CK technique T1078.004 for "Valid Accounts: Cloud Accounts" where adversaries leverage information disclosure to identify legitimate user credentials.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple account enumeration as it provides attackers with valuable intelligence for subsequent attack phases. Once an attacker has identified valid user accounts, they can proceed with targeted phishing campaigns, credential stuffing attacks, or social engineering attempts. The vulnerability also impacts the system's overall security posture by weakening access controls and potentially enabling privilege escalation attacks if combined with other vulnerabilities. Organizations using the Sunny Portal system may experience increased risk of unauthorized access attempts and potential data breaches. The low privilege requirement for exploitation makes this vulnerability particularly dangerous as it can be leveraged by attackers with minimal initial access or even automated scanning tools.
Mitigation strategies should focus on implementing proper input validation and response normalization to prevent information leakage during account validation processes. The system should return identical error messages for both valid and invalid email addresses to eliminate the side-channel information disclosure. Organizations should implement rate limiting and account lockout mechanisms to prevent automated enumeration attacks. Additionally, the implementation should follow security best practices such as those outlined in OWASP Top 10 2021 category A07:2021 - Identification and Authentication Failures, which specifically addresses the importance of secure account management and preventing user enumeration. The fix should involve modifying the application logic to ensure that all account validation requests return consistent responses regardless of whether the email address exists in the system, thereby preventing attackers from determining valid user accounts through simple input manipulation.