CVE-2025-4331 in Online Student Clearance System
Summary
by MITRE • 05/06/2025
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Online Student Clearance System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /Admin/login.php. The manipulation of the argument id/username/password leads to sql injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/17/2025
This critical sql injection vulnerability exists within the SourceCodester Online Student Clearance System version 1.0, specifically targeting the administrative login functionality at /Admin/login.php. The flaw arises from inadequate input validation and sanitization of user-supplied parameters, particularly the id/username/password arguments that are directly incorporated into sql query constructions without proper escaping or parameterization. This vulnerability classification aligns with CWE-89 which specifically addresses sql injection flaws where untrusted data is embedded into sql commands without adequate protection mechanisms. The remote exploitability of this vulnerability means that malicious actors can leverage it from external network positions without requiring physical access to the system infrastructure.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends far beyond simple data theft, as successful exploitation could enable attackers to execute arbitrary sql commands against the underlying database. This capability allows for complete database enumeration, unauthorized data access, modification of student records, and potential privilege escalation within the application. The attack surface is particularly concerning given that the vulnerability affects the administrative login page, which likely contains sensitive student information, system configuration data, and potentially user credentials. According to ATT&CK framework domain T1190 - Proxy Process, attackers may leverage this vulnerability to establish persistent access points or move laterally within the network infrastructure. The public disclosure of the exploit further amplifies the risk as it removes the element of surprise that typically protects systems from initial compromise.
Mitigation strategies should prioritize immediate implementation of proper input validation and parameterized queries to eliminate the sql injection vector. The system administrators must ensure that all user inputs are properly sanitized and that prepared statements or parameterized queries are utilized throughout the application codebase. Additionally, implementing proper access controls and authentication mechanisms, including multi-factor authentication, would significantly reduce the potential impact of successful exploitation. Network segmentation and firewall rules should be configured to limit access to administrative interfaces to trusted networks only. Regular security audits and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities throughout the application. The implementation of web application firewalls and intrusion detection systems can provide additional layers of protection against sql injection attempts. According to NIST SP 800-53 security controls, this vulnerability requires immediate remediation under configuration management and vulnerability management controls, with the potential for long-term monitoring and threat hunting activities to detect any exploitation attempts.