CVE-2025-4462 in N150RT
Summary
by MITRE • 05/09/2025
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in TOTOLINK N150RT 3.4.0-B20190525. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /boafrm/formWsc. The manipulation of the argument localPin leads to buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/23/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-4462 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw in the TOTOLINK N150RT router firmware version 3.4.0-B20190525. This security weakness resides within the web administration interface component known as /boafrm/formWsc which handles wireless security configuration parameters. The specific flaw manifests when processing the localPin argument, which serves as a parameter for configuring wireless security settings. This particular implementation fails to properly validate input length and boundaries, creating an exploitable condition that can be leveraged by remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on the affected device.
The technical nature of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, which describes buffer overflow conditions where insufficient bounds checking allows attackers to overwrite adjacent memory locations. The attack vector is classified as remote, meaning that malicious actors can exploit this flaw without requiring physical access to the device. The exploitation process involves sending specially crafted input through the web interface to the vulnerable localPin parameter, which then triggers the buffer overflow condition. This type of vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it can lead to complete system compromise, allowing attackers to gain unauthorized access to the router's administrative functions and potentially the entire network behind it.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized access, as it can enable attackers to establish persistent backdoors, modify network configurations, intercept traffic, and potentially use the compromised device as a pivot point for attacking other systems within the network. According to ATT&CK framework category T1021.001, this vulnerability could facilitate remote services attacks by enabling adversaries to gain access to network infrastructure. The public disclosure of exploitation methods significantly increases the risk to affected users, as security researchers and malicious actors alike now possess the knowledge required to exploit this flaw. Network administrators face the challenge of protecting numerous devices that may be running vulnerable firmware versions, particularly in enterprise environments where router management is often centralized but individual device updates may be delayed.
Mitigation strategies should include immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK to address the buffer overflow condition, though administrators should verify that the updated firmware properly resolves the vulnerability. Network segmentation and firewall rules can help limit the potential impact of exploitation by restricting access to the router's administrative interface to trusted networks only. Additionally, implementing network monitoring solutions to detect anomalous traffic patterns or unauthorized configuration changes can provide early warning of exploitation attempts. Security teams should also consider disabling unnecessary wireless security features and regularly auditing router configurations to identify any unauthorized modifications that might indicate successful exploitation. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of maintaining up-to-date firmware and implementing proper network access controls to prevent attackers from leveraging known weaknesses in network infrastructure devices.