CVE-2025-45798 in A950RG
Summary
by MITRE • 05/08/2025
A command execution vulnerability exists in the TOTOLINK A950RG V4.1.2cu.5204_B20210112. The vulnerability is located in the setNoticeCfg interface within the /lib/cste_modules/system.so library, specifically in the processing of the IpTo parameter.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/19/2025
The command execution vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-45798 represents a critical security flaw in the TOTOLINK A950RG router firmware version 4.1.2cu.5204_B20210112. This vulnerability resides within the system.so library and specifically targets the setNoticeCfg interface, making it a significant concern for network security administrators. The flaw stems from improper input validation and sanitization mechanisms that fail to properly handle the IpTo parameter, creating an avenue for malicious actors to execute arbitrary commands on the affected device. This type of vulnerability falls under the CWE-78 category, which specifically addresses improper neutralization of special elements used in OS commands, commonly known as OS command injection. The vulnerability's presence in a network device firmware underscores the critical nature of such flaws, as they can provide attackers with persistent access to network infrastructure and potentially enable broader attack vectors within the local network environment.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability allows attackers to manipulate the IpTo parameter through the setNoticeCfg interface, which then gets processed without adequate sanitization. This lack of input validation creates a direct path for command injection attacks where malicious payloads can be executed with the privileges of the affected service. The exploitation process typically involves crafting specific input that bypasses normal validation checks and executes unintended system commands. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access to the device, potentially leading to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, or the installation of persistent backdoors. The vulnerability's impact extends beyond simple command execution as it can enable attackers to modify device configurations, access sensitive information, or use the compromised device as a pivot point for attacking other systems within the network. This aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter, specifically focusing on the execution of system commands through legitimate interfaces.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is substantial for organizations relying on TOTOLINK A950RG devices, particularly in enterprise environments where network infrastructure security is paramount. Compromised devices can serve as entry points for lateral movement attacks, allowing adversaries to escalate privileges and access sensitive network resources. The vulnerability's persistence in the firmware version suggests that organizations may be exposed to ongoing risk if they have not implemented proper patching procedures or firmware updates. Network monitoring systems may not immediately detect this type of attack as it can appear as legitimate system activity, making detection more challenging. The vulnerability's exploitation can result in complete loss of device control, unauthorized network access, and potential data breaches. Organizations utilizing this specific router model should consider the broader implications for their network security posture, as the compromise of a single device can potentially affect multiple network segments. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of proper input validation and secure coding practices in embedded systems, particularly those handling network management interfaces. Security teams must implement comprehensive monitoring and incident response procedures to address potential exploitation attempts, as the vulnerability can be leveraged for various attack vectors including privilege escalation and persistent access.