CVE-2025-45863 in A3002R
Summary
by MITRE • 05/13/2025
TOTOLINK A3002R v4.0.0-B20230531.1404 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the macstr parameter in the formMapDelDevice interface.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/26/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-45863 represents a critical buffer overflow flaw within the TOTOLINK A3002R router firmware version v4.0.0-B20230531.1404. This issue manifests through the macstr parameter in the formMapDelDevice interface, which serves as an entry point for remote exploitation. The affected device operates under the TOTOLINK A3002R model, a consumer-grade wireless router that falls within the category of network infrastructure devices commonly deployed in residential and small office environments. The buffer overflow vulnerability arises from insufficient input validation and bounds checking within the firmware's web interface handling mechanism, creating a pathway for malicious actors to execute arbitrary code on the affected device.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when an attacker submits a specially crafted macstr parameter value that exceeds the allocated buffer space within the formMapDelDevice function. This condition leads to memory corruption that can be leveraged to overwrite adjacent memory locations, potentially allowing for privilege escalation and complete system compromise. The flaw aligns with CWE-121, which describes stack-based buffer overflow conditions, and represents a classic example of unsafe string handling in embedded systems. The vulnerability's impact extends beyond simple denial of service as it provides attackers with the capability to gain unauthorized access to the device's administrative interface, potentially enabling them to modify network configurations, install malicious firmware, or establish persistent backdoors.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability presents significant risk to network security and device integrity within affected environments. The TOTOLINK A3002R devices are commonly deployed in home networks and small business environments where they serve as primary network gateways, making them attractive targets for attackers seeking to establish persistent access points within local networks. The remote exploitability of this vulnerability means that attackers do not require physical access to the device, allowing for large-scale attacks against unpatched deployments. Network reconnaissance activities can easily identify affected devices through standard port scanning techniques, making this vulnerability particularly dangerous in environments where device inventory management is inadequate. The attack surface is further expanded by the fact that the vulnerable interface likely accepts user input through web forms, which are accessible to all authenticated users, potentially enabling privilege escalation attacks from low-privilege accounts.
The mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-45863 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK, as the vendor would have likely released patched versions addressing the buffer overflow condition. Organizations should implement network segmentation to isolate affected devices from critical network segments and establish monitoring protocols to detect unusual traffic patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. Network administrators should disable unnecessary web interfaces and services where possible, reducing the attack surface available to potential attackers. The vulnerability's presence also highlights the importance of secure coding practices in embedded systems development, particularly regarding input validation and memory management. Security controls should include regular firmware inventory tracking, automated vulnerability scanning, and network monitoring to detect potential exploitation attempts. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this vulnerability under T1210 - Exploitation of Remote Services, emphasizing the need for robust network perimeter defenses and continuous monitoring of device access patterns to prevent unauthorized exploitation attempts.