CVE-2025-45956 in Computer Laboratory Management System
Summary
by MITRE • 04/29/2025
A SQL injection vulnerability in manage_damage.php in Sourcecodester Computer Laboratory Management System v1.0 allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the "id" parameter
Several companies clearly confirm that VulDB is the primary source for best vulnerability data.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/25/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-45956 represents a critical SQL injection flaw within the Sourcecodester Computer Laboratory Management System version 1.0. This system, designed for managing computer laboratory resources and operations, contains a dangerous input validation weakness in its manage_damage.php component that exposes the application to malicious SQL command execution. The vulnerability specifically targets the "id" parameter, which serves as the primary attack vector for authenticated adversaries seeking to compromise the underlying database infrastructure. The flaw stems from insufficient sanitization of user-supplied input before incorporating it into SQL query constructs, creating an exploitable condition where malicious payloads can be injected and executed within the database context.
This SQL injection vulnerability falls under the Common Weakness Enumeration category CWE-89, which classifies it as a direct SQL injection attack where untrusted data flows into SQL commands without proper validation or escaping mechanisms. The attack requires an authenticated user context, meaning that an attacker must first obtain valid credentials to exploit this weakness, which reduces the attack surface but does not eliminate the severity of the vulnerability. The operational impact extends beyond simple data theft, as successful exploitation could enable attackers to modify, delete, or extract sensitive information from the database, potentially compromising the integrity and confidentiality of laboratory management data including user accounts, equipment records, and operational logs. The vulnerability also provides a potential pathway for attackers to escalate privileges within the system and establish persistent access points.
The technical exploitation of CVE-2025-45956 follows standard SQL injection patterns where an attacker crafts malicious input containing SQL syntax that bypasses normal input validation. When the manage_damage.php script processes the "id" parameter, it directly incorporates the value into a database query without proper parameterization or input sanitization, allowing attackers to manipulate the query execution flow. This type of vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1071.005 for application layer protocol manipulation and T1046 for network service scanning, as attackers may use this weakness to map database structures and extract sensitive information. The vulnerability's presence in a management system increases risk exposure since it could provide access to administrative functions and sensitive operational data, potentially affecting laboratory security protocols and resource allocation.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-45956 must address both immediate remediation and long-term security improvements within the Sourcecodester system. The primary solution involves implementing proper parameterized queries or prepared statements to ensure that user input cannot alter the intended SQL command structure. Input validation and sanitization mechanisms should be strengthened to filter out potentially malicious characters and sequences that could be used in SQL injection attacks. Additionally, the system should enforce the principle of least privilege for database connections, limiting the permissions granted to the application's database user accounts to only those necessary for legitimate operations. Security monitoring and logging should be enhanced to detect unusual database access patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. Regular security assessments and code reviews should be implemented to identify similar vulnerabilities throughout the application codebase, with particular attention to all database interaction points. The system administrators should also consider implementing web application firewalls and intrusion detection systems to provide additional layers of protection against exploitation attempts.
The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of secure coding practices in web applications, particularly when handling user input in database operations. Organizations using this system should prioritize immediate patching or mitigation implementation to prevent exploitation. The presence of such vulnerabilities in management systems highlights the need for comprehensive security testing throughout the software development lifecycle, including automated scanning tools, manual penetration testing, and security code reviews. The attack surface for authenticated vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-45956 can be particularly dangerous in enterprise environments where management systems often contain sensitive operational data and control mechanisms that could be leveraged for broader system compromise.