CVE-2025-45968 in PDV
Summary
by MITRE • 08/25/2025
An issue in System PDV v1.0 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the hash parameter in a URL. The application contains an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability, which occurs due to a lack of proper authorization checks when accessing objects referenced by this parameter. This allows direct access to other users' data or internal resources without proper permission. Successful exploitation of this flaw may result in the exposure of sensitive information.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/25/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-45968 resides within System PDV v1.0, a software application that fails to implement adequate access controls when processing the hash parameter within URL requests. This weakness manifests as an insecure direct object reference flaw that fundamentally undermines the application's authorization mechanisms. The system's failure to validate user permissions before granting access to resources referenced by the hash parameter creates a critical security gap that remote attackers can exploit to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data. The vulnerability operates at the application layer where legitimate user sessions and object references are not properly validated against the requesting user's privileges, allowing malicious actors to manipulate the hash parameter and access data they should not be authorized to view.
The technical exploitation of this IDOR vulnerability follows a predictable pattern where an attacker observes or guesses valid hash values used by the application to reference user data or internal resources. When the application processes these hash values without proper authorization checks, it effectively provides a direct pathway to objects that should remain protected behind proper authentication and authorization barriers. This type of vulnerability is classified under CWE-284, which specifically addresses improper access control issues in software systems. The flaw essentially removes the application's ability to enforce access restrictions, creating a scenario where any authenticated user can potentially access data belonging to other users within the same system, thereby exposing sensitive information through direct object reference manipulation.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple information disclosure to encompass potential data breaches and unauthorized access to internal system resources. Remote attackers can leverage this flaw to access personal user information, confidential business data, or system configurations that should remain restricted to authorized personnel only. The vulnerability's remote exploitability means that attackers do not require physical access to the system or local network privileges to perform the attack, making it particularly dangerous in environments where the application is accessible over the internet. This weakness can lead to cascading security issues where the exposure of one user's data may provide attackers with information needed to compromise additional accounts or system components, potentially enabling further attacks such as privilege escalation or lateral movement within the network infrastructure.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability must address the fundamental authorization flaws within the application's architecture. The primary solution involves implementing robust input validation and authorization checks that verify user permissions before processing any hash parameter requests. This includes establishing proper access control mechanisms that ensure users can only access objects they are authorized to view, typically through session validation, role-based access control implementations, or token-based authentication systems. Organizations should also consider implementing parameterized queries and input sanitization techniques to prevent malicious manipulation of the hash parameter values. Additionally, the system should log all access attempts and monitor for suspicious patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. From an ATT&CK framework perspective, this vulnerability aligns with techniques related to privilege escalation and credential access, making it essential for security teams to implement comprehensive monitoring and access control measures. The remediation process should include thorough code reviews to identify all potential direct object references and ensure that proper authorization checks are implemented for each access point, aligning with security best practices outlined in industry standards such as NIST SP 800-53 and ISO 27001.