CVE-2025-46271 in UNI-NMS-Lite
Summary
by MITRE • 04/25/2025
UNI-NMS-Lite is vulnerable to a command injection attack that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to read or manipulate device data.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/25/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-46271 affects UNI-NMS-Lite, a network management system that provides monitoring and control capabilities for network devices. This system is commonly deployed in enterprise environments to manage network infrastructure, making it a critical component of network operations. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and sanitization within the application's processing of user-supplied data, creating an avenue for malicious actors to inject arbitrary commands into the system. The flaw exists in the application's handling of parameters that are directly passed to underlying system commands without proper sanitization, allowing attackers to manipulate the execution flow of the application.
This command injection vulnerability represents a critical security weakness that can be exploited by unauthenticated attackers who do not require valid credentials to initiate the attack. The technical flaw manifests when user input is improperly validated, allowing attackers to append malicious commands that get executed within the context of the application's privileges. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-77 as command injection, which is a well-documented weakness that has been exploited in numerous security incidents across various platforms. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the affected system, potentially gaining full control over network management functions. The impact extends beyond simple command execution as it allows for data manipulation and unauthorized access to sensitive network information.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-46271 is severe and multifaceted, particularly in enterprise network management environments where UNI-NMS-Lite systems are deployed. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can read confidential device data, manipulate network configurations, and potentially escalate privileges to gain administrative access to the entire network management infrastructure. This could result in unauthorized network access, data exfiltration, and disruption of critical network services. The vulnerability's unauthenticated nature means that attackers can exploit it from external networks without requiring any prior access credentials, making it particularly dangerous for organizations that do not properly segment their network management systems. The attack surface is further expanded due to the nature of network management systems being designed to be accessible from multiple locations and devices.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-46271 should prioritize immediate patching of the affected UNI-NMS-Lite systems with vendor-provided security updates. Organizations should implement network segmentation to isolate network management systems from general network traffic and restrict access to these systems through firewalls and access control lists. Input validation and sanitization measures should be strengthened throughout the application to prevent command injection attacks, following the principle of least privilege in system design. Security monitoring should be enhanced to detect unusual command execution patterns and unauthorized access attempts. The vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter, which emphasizes the importance of preventing command injection attacks in network management systems. Organizations should also conduct comprehensive security assessments of their network management infrastructure to identify similar vulnerabilities and implement proper security controls including regular security testing, network monitoring, and incident response procedures to address potential exploitation attempts.