CVE-2025-46651 in File Manager
Summary
by MITRE • 02/03/2026
Tiny File Manager through 2.6 contains a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the URL upload feature. Due to insufficient validation of user-supplied URLs, an attacker can send crafted requests to localhost by using http://www.127.0.0.1.example.com/ or a similarly constructed domain name. This may lead to unauthorized port scanning or access to internal-only services.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/11/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-46651 resides within Tiny File Manager version 2.6 and represents a critical server-side request forgery flaw that significantly compromises system security. This issue specifically targets the URL upload functionality, where the application fails to properly validate external URLs provided by users. The vulnerability stems from inadequate input sanitization mechanisms that allow malicious actors to craft specially formatted domain names to bypass normal network restrictions and gain access to internal resources. The flaw enables attackers to exploit the application's ability to fetch files from remote locations by manipulating DNS resolution behavior through carefully constructed subdomain patterns.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability exploits the way DNS resolution works with certain domain name formats, particularly those that include localhost addresses in subdomain positions. When an attacker constructs a URL using patterns such as http://www.127.0.0.1.example.com/, the application processes this request without proper validation, allowing the system to resolve the domain name and potentially establish connections to internal services that should remain isolated from external access. This behavior creates a pathway for attackers to perform unauthorized port scanning activities against internal systems and gain access to services that are typically protected by network segmentation. The vulnerability operates at the network layer where DNS resolution and HTTP request processing intersect, making it particularly dangerous as it can bypass traditional firewall and network security controls.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple information disclosure, as it provides attackers with the capability to map internal network topology and identify running services on localhost or internal networks. This reconnaissance capability enables more sophisticated attacks including the exploitation of internal services that may not be properly secured or patched. The vulnerability essentially transforms the file manager application into a potential reconnaissance tool for attackers, allowing them to enumerate internal resources and identify potential targets for further exploitation. Security teams face significant challenges in detecting such attacks as they may appear to originate from legitimate application usage patterns rather than malicious network traffic.
Organizations utilizing Tiny File Manager version 2.6 or earlier should immediately implement mitigations including input validation for all URL parameters, DNS resolution restrictions, and network segmentation controls. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-918, which specifically addresses server-side request forgery vulnerabilities, and maps to ATT&CK technique T1071.004 for application layer protocol manipulation. Recommended defensive measures include implementing strict URL validation that rejects malformed or suspicious domain patterns, configuring network access controls to prevent outbound connections to localhost ranges, and deploying web application firewalls to monitor and filter malicious requests. Additionally, organizations should consider implementing network monitoring to detect unusual outbound traffic patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts, as the vulnerability can enable persistent reconnaissance activities against internal systems.