CVE-2025-47477 in Backup and Staging by WP Time Capsule Plugin
Summary
by MITRE • 06/09/2025
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in revmakx Backup and Staging by WP Time Capsule allows Reflected XSS. This issue affects Backup and Staging by WP Time Capsule: from n/a through 1.22.23.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/09/2025
The vulnerability CVE-2025-47477 represents a critical cross-site scripting flaw within the revmakx Backup and Staging plugin for WordPress, specifically impacting versions through 1.22.23. This reflected XSS vulnerability occurs during web page generation when input parameters are inadequately sanitized, creating an attack vector that can be exploited by malicious actors to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by unsuspecting users. The vulnerability falls under the CWE-79 category of Cross-Site Scripting, which is a fundamental web application security weakness that has been consistently identified as one of the most prevalent and dangerous vulnerabilities in web applications. The issue manifests when the plugin fails to properly neutralize user-supplied input that is subsequently rendered in web page content without adequate encoding or validation mechanisms.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple script injection, as it can be leveraged to execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of a victim's browser session. Attackers can craft malicious URLs containing crafted payloads that, when clicked by an authenticated user with appropriate privileges, will execute malicious scripts in the victim's browser. This opens the door to session hijacking, credential theft, data exfiltration, and potential privilege escalation within the WordPress environment. The reflected nature of this XSS means that the malicious script is reflected off the web server and executed in the victim's browser, making it particularly dangerous as it can be delivered through various attack vectors including phishing emails, compromised websites, or social engineering campaigns. The vulnerability affects the Backup and Staging plugin's functionality where user input is processed and displayed without proper sanitization, creating a persistent security gap that can be exploited across different user roles within the WordPress ecosystem.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-47477 should prioritize immediate patching of the affected plugin to version 1.22.24 or later, as this represents the most effective defense against the identified reflected XSS vulnerability. Organizations should implement comprehensive input validation and output encoding mechanisms throughout their web applications, ensuring that all user-supplied data is properly sanitized before being rendered in web pages. The implementation of Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can provide an additional layer of protection by restricting the sources from which scripts can be loaded and executed, thereby limiting the impact of successful XSS attacks. Network-level protections such as web application firewalls and intrusion detection systems should also be configured to monitor for and block suspicious script injection attempts. Security monitoring should include regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify similar weaknesses in other plugins and themes within the WordPress environment, as the ATT&CK framework categorizes XSS vulnerabilities under the T1059.007 technique for command and scripting interpreter, highlighting the potential for attackers to establish persistent access through such vulnerabilities. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of maintaining up-to-date security practices and continuous monitoring of third-party components within web applications, as the affected plugin's lack of proper input sanitization creates a direct pathway for attackers to compromise user sessions and potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive data within the WordPress administrative interface.