CVE-2025-47698 in In-Sight 2000
Summary
by MITRE • 09/19/2025
An adjacent attacker without authentication can exploit this vulnerability to retrieve a set of user-privileged credentials. These credentials are present during the firmware upgrade procedure.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/19/2025
This vulnerability represents a critical security flaw in firmware upgrade procedures that allows adjacent attackers to obtain user-privileged credentials without authentication. The vulnerability specifically manifests during the firmware upgrade process when sensitive credential information is exposed to unauthorized parties who are physically located in the same network segment. The attack vector relies on the principle of adjacent network access, meaning an attacker must be within the same physical or logical network environment as the target device but does not require direct network access or authentication credentials to exploit the flaw. This type of vulnerability falls under the category of privilege escalation through credential exposure during administrative procedures.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper handling of authentication credentials within the firmware upgrade workflow. During the upgrade process, the system fails to adequately protect credential information that is necessary for authentication purposes, creating an exposure window where these credentials can be intercepted or accessed by malicious actors. The flaw likely involves insufficient isolation mechanisms between the upgrade interface and the credential storage components, allowing unauthorized access to sensitive data. This vulnerability directly relates to CWE-284, which addresses improper access control, and CWE-312, concerning exposure of sensitive information through cleartext storage or transmission. The attack scenario typically involves an attacker monitoring network traffic or accessing the device through physical proximity to capture credential data that should remain protected during the upgrade procedure.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple credential theft, as it provides attackers with user-privileged access that can be leveraged for further exploitation within the network environment. Once an attacker obtains these credentials, they can potentially escalate privileges, access restricted resources, or use the compromised accounts for lateral movement attacks. The vulnerability particularly affects networked devices that require firmware updates, including routers, switches, IoT devices, and industrial control systems where firmware upgrades are regularly performed. This exposure creates a significant risk for organizations as it allows attackers to gain unauthorized access to network infrastructure without requiring complex authentication bypass techniques or advanced exploitation methods.
Mitigation strategies should focus on implementing robust access controls during firmware upgrade procedures, including the use of encrypted communication channels for credential transmission, mandatory authentication requirements for upgrade interfaces, and proper isolation of administrative functions from general network access. Organizations should implement network segmentation to prevent adjacent attackers from accessing upgrade interfaces, deploy network monitoring solutions to detect unusual credential access patterns, and ensure that firmware upgrade procedures are conducted with appropriate security controls in place. The implementation of secure firmware upgrade protocols that utilize strong encryption and authentication mechanisms can significantly reduce the risk of credential exposure. Additionally, regular security assessments and vulnerability scanning should be conducted to identify similar flaws in firmware implementations, with remediation efforts prioritized based on the potential impact and exploitability of such vulnerabilities. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1552.001, which covers credentials in files, and T1078.004, which addresses valid accounts for lateral movement, highlighting the importance of protecting credential information throughout system operations and upgrade procedures.