CVE-2025-47998 in Windows
Summary
by MITRE • 07/08/2025
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/20/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-47998 represents a critical heap-based buffer overflow within the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service RRAS component. This flaw exists in the processing of network packets that traverse the routing and remote access infrastructure, specifically affecting systems that utilize RRAS functionality for network connectivity management. The vulnerability resides in the memory management routines responsible for handling incoming network traffic through the routing protocols and remote access connections, creating a potential entry point for malicious actors seeking to compromise Windows network infrastructure.
The technical exploitation of this buffer overflow occurs when the RRAS service processes malformed network packets that exceed the allocated heap memory boundaries. Attackers can craft specially designed packets that trigger the overflow condition, causing adjacent memory locations to be overwritten with malicious code or execution pointers. This heap corruption can lead to arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the RRAS service account, which typically operates with elevated system privileges on Windows servers. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it allows remote code execution without requiring authentication, making it accessible to any network entity capable of sending crafted packets to the affected system.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond individual system compromise to potentially disrupt entire network infrastructures that rely on RRAS for routing and remote access capabilities. Organizations utilizing RRAS for VPN connections, remote desktop services, or network routing functions face significant risk as attackers could exploit this vulnerability to gain persistent access to their network perimeters. The attack surface includes any Windows system running RRAS functionality, particularly servers configured for remote access or network routing services. This vulnerability directly impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of network services, potentially enabling attackers to establish backdoors, exfiltrate sensitive data, or disrupt critical network operations.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-47998 should prioritize immediate patch management through Microsoft security updates, as this vulnerability requires vendor-provided fixes to address the underlying heap overflow conditions. Network segmentation and firewall rules can provide temporary protective measures by restricting access to RRAS services from untrusted networks and implementing strict packet filtering to prevent malformed traffic from reaching affected systems. The principle of least privilege should be enforced by ensuring RRAS services operate with minimal required permissions and by implementing network monitoring to detect anomalous packet patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. Organizations should also conduct comprehensive vulnerability assessments to identify all systems running RRAS and implement continuous monitoring for indicators of compromise related to this specific vulnerability. This vulnerability aligns with CWE-121 heap-based buffer overflow classifications and represents a significant threat vector that could be leveraged by adversaries following ATT&CK technique T1210 for exploitation of remote services and T1059 for execution of malicious code within compromised systems.