CVE-2025-48461 in Wireless Sensing and Equipment
Summary
by MITRE • 06/24/2025
Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to conduct brute force guessing and account takeover as the session cookies are predictable, potentially allowing the attackers to gain root, admin or user access and reset passwords.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/27/2025
This vulnerability represents a critical weakness in session management that directly undermines the security posture of affected systems. The predictable nature of session cookies creates a pathway for unauthenticated attackers to systematically guess valid session identifiers and assume legitimate user identities. Such vulnerabilities typically arise from insufficient randomness in session token generation mechanisms, often due to weak cryptographic random number generators or predictable seeding sources. The implications extend beyond simple unauthorized access as attackers can leverage these compromised sessions to perform privileged operations including administrative functions, user account modifications, and password resets. This type of vulnerability aligns with CWE-330, which specifically addresses the use of insufficiently random values in security-sensitive contexts, and represents a fundamental failure in the principle of least privilege. The attack vector operates through brute force techniques where attackers systematically iterate through potential session identifiers until they find valid ones that correspond to active sessions.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and multifaceted across multiple security domains. Organizations face immediate risks of unauthorized access to sensitive data, potential data breaches, and complete compromise of user accounts. Attackers can escalate privileges by exploiting the predictable session tokens to gain administrative access, which enables them to modify system configurations, exfiltrate confidential information, and establish persistent access points. The vulnerability's potential for password reset exploitation creates an additional attack surface where attackers can reset user credentials and maintain long-term access to compromised accounts. This scenario particularly aligns with ATT&CK technique T1566, which covers credential harvesting through social engineering and brute force methods, and T1078, which addresses valid accounts usage. The attack can be automated and executed at scale, making it particularly dangerous for organizations with large user bases or those operating in high-value sectors such as finance, healthcare, or government.
Mitigation strategies must address both the immediate vulnerability and underlying systemic issues in session management practices. Organizations should implement robust session token generation using cryptographically secure random number generators with sufficient entropy to prevent predictability. The implementation of session timeout mechanisms, automatic session invalidation upon logout, and rate limiting for authentication attempts can significantly reduce the attack surface. Security controls should include monitoring for unusual session activity patterns and implementing multi-factor authentication as an additional layer of protection. Regular security assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify and remediate similar weaknesses in session management. Organizations must also establish proper incident response procedures to detect and respond to session hijacking attempts. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of following security best practices outlined in standards such as NIST SP 800-63B for digital identity management and OWASP Top Ten security controls. Network segmentation and access controls should be implemented to limit the potential damage from successful exploitation, ensuring that even if session tokens are compromised, attackers cannot escalate privileges beyond the initial access point.