CVE-2025-48511 in μProf
Summary
by MITRE • 11/24/2025
Improper input validation within AMD uprof can allow a local attacker to write to an arbitrary physical address, potentially resulting in crash or denial of service.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/25/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-48511 resides within AMD's uprof component, which serves as a profiling utility designed to monitor and analyze system performance. This flaw represents a critical security weakness that stems from inadequate input validation mechanisms within the profiling framework. The issue manifests when the uprof utility processes user-supplied data without proper sanitization, creating an avenue for malicious manipulation that extends beyond typical boundary checks.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through a specific flaw in how the uprof component handles memory address inputs during profiling operations. When an attacker provides malformed or unvalidated address parameters, the system fails to properly validate these inputs against acceptable memory ranges or access permissions. This validation failure allows the attacker to manipulate the profiling utility into writing data to arbitrary physical memory addresses, effectively bypassing normal memory protection mechanisms that should prevent such unauthorized access patterns.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability creates significant risk for systems utilizing AMD processors with uprof functionality. Local attackers who can execute code on the target system gain the ability to cause system instability through memory corruption, potentially leading to kernel crashes or complete system hangs. The denial of service impact extends beyond simple system restarts, as the memory corruption could affect critical system components or even compromise the integrity of other running processes that depend on stable memory access patterns.
The vulnerability aligns with CWE-129, which addresses improper validation of input boundaries, and represents a classic example of insufficient validation that allows attackers to manipulate system behavior through crafted inputs. From an ATT&CK framework perspective, this vulnerability maps to techniques involving privilege escalation and system resource hijacking, as the local attacker can leverage this flaw to gain unauthorized memory access and potentially escalate privileges. The attack surface is particularly concerning in enterprise environments where profiling tools are commonly deployed for performance monitoring and system diagnostics.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should prioritize immediate patching of affected AMD systems through official firmware updates that address the input validation flaws in the uprof component. System administrators should also implement monitoring solutions that can detect anomalous memory access patterns consistent with this vulnerability's exploitation behavior. Additionally, the principle of least privilege should be enforced by restricting access to profiling utilities to only those users who require such functionality for legitimate system administration tasks. Organizations should also consider disabling uprof functionality entirely if it is not required for their operational needs, as this eliminates the attack surface entirely while maintaining system functionality through alternative monitoring approaches.