CVE-2025-49223 in billboard.js
Summary
by MITRE • 06/04/2025
billboard.js before 3.15.1 was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function generate, which could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via injecting arbitrary properties.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/12/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-49223 represents a critical prototype pollution flaw within the billboard.js JavaScript charting library version 3.15.0 and earlier. This issue stems from the insecure handling of user-provided data within the generate function, which serves as a core component for chart configuration and data processing. The flaw allows attackers to manipulate the prototype chain of JavaScript objects by injecting arbitrary properties through carefully crafted input data, creating a pathway for exploitation that can affect applications relying on this library for data visualization purposes. The vulnerability is particularly concerning as it exists in the library's core processing functions, making it accessible to attackers who can influence chart generation parameters through various input vectors.
The technical implementation of this prototype pollution vulnerability occurs when the generate function processes configuration objects without proper sanitization of property names. Attackers can inject malicious properties with names that match existing prototype methods or properties, effectively polluting the Object prototype or other core JavaScript objects. When subsequent code attempts to iterate over object properties or perform operations on these polluted objects, the injected properties can cause unexpected behavior, including execution of arbitrary code through prototype chain traversal or denial of service conditions. This type of vulnerability is classified under CWE-471, which specifically addresses the insertion of data into the prototype of an object, and falls within the broader category of prototype pollution attacks that have been increasingly targeted in modern web applications.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-49223 extends beyond simple code execution to encompass significant security implications for web applications that utilize billboard.js for chart rendering. Applications could experience denial of service when maliciously crafted chart configurations cause infinite loops during property iteration or when polluted prototypes interfere with normal application behavior. More critically, successful exploitation could enable attackers to execute arbitrary code within the context of the victim's browser, potentially leading to session hijacking, data theft, or further compromise of web applications. The vulnerability affects both client-side and server-side implementations where the library is used for data processing, creating widespread potential impact across various web platforms and services that depend on charting functionality.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability require immediate action to upgrade to billboard.js version 3.15.1 or later, which includes patches specifically addressing the prototype pollution issue. Organizations should implement comprehensive input validation and sanitization measures for all chart configuration data, particularly when data originates from untrusted sources. The implementation of Content Security Policy headers and strict input validation can provide additional defense layers against exploitation attempts. Security teams should conduct thorough code reviews to identify any custom implementations that might be vulnerable to similar prototype pollution issues, and implement proper object property validation before processing user-provided data. According to ATT&CK framework category T1211, this vulnerability could be leveraged as part of a broader exploitation chain, making it crucial for security teams to monitor for related attack patterns and implement proactive threat hunting measures to detect potential exploitation attempts.