CVE-2025-49508 in CozyStay Plugin
Summary
by MITRE • 06/17/2025
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in LoftOcean CozyStay allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects CozyStay: from n/a through n/a.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/17/2025
The CVE-2025-49508 vulnerability represents a critical PHP Remote File Inclusion flaw that fundamentally undermines the security posture of the LoftOcean CozyStay application. This vulnerability stems from improper validation of filename parameters in include/require statements, creating an avenue for attackers to manipulate the application's execution flow through malicious file inclusion directives. The flaw exists within the core PHP application logic where user-supplied input is directly incorporated into include/require statements without adequate sanitization or validation measures, making it susceptible to exploitation by threat actors seeking unauthorized code execution.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-98, which specifically addresses Improper Control of Code Generation Called by a Loop, and more broadly falls under the category of CWE-88, which deals with Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command. Attackers can leverage this weakness by crafting malicious input that gets processed through the vulnerable include/require statement, potentially allowing them to execute arbitrary PHP code on the target server. The vulnerability's impact extends beyond simple code execution as it can be exploited to establish persistent backdoors, exfiltrate sensitive data, or compromise the entire hosting environment through chained attacks that exploit the underlying system architecture.
This vulnerability presents significant operational risks for CozyStay deployments, as it can be exploited to gain unauthorized access to sensitive customer data, application configuration files, and potentially the underlying server infrastructure. The remote exploitation capability means that attackers do not require physical access to the system, making the vulnerability particularly dangerous in cloud-hosted environments where network exposure is common. The attack surface is further expanded when considering that PHP applications often have access to database credentials, file system resources, and network communication capabilities that can be leveraged for lateral movement within compromised networks. Organizations utilizing this software must recognize that successful exploitation can lead to complete system compromise and data breaches.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-49508 should focus on implementing robust input validation and sanitization mechanisms throughout the application codebase, particularly in areas where dynamic file inclusion occurs. The recommended approach includes enforcing strict whitelisting of allowed file paths, implementing proper parameter validation before any include/require operations, and disabling dangerous PHP configuration options such as allow_url_include. Security controls should also incorporate the principle of least privilege by restricting file system access for web applications and implementing proper error handling to prevent information disclosure. Organizations should consider implementing web application firewalls with rules specifically designed to detect and block malicious include/require parameter patterns, while also conducting comprehensive code reviews to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities across the entire application stack. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this vulnerability under T1190 - Exploit Public-Facing Application, emphasizing the need for proper network segmentation and application hardening measures to prevent unauthorized access to vulnerable components.