CVE-2025-50069 in Database Server
Summary
by MITRE • 07/15/2025
Vulnerability in the Java VM component of Oracle Database Server. Supported versions that are affected are 19.3-19.27 and 21.3-21.18. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker having Create Session, Create Procedure privilege with network access via Oracle Net to compromise Java VM. While the vulnerability is in Java VM, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Java VM accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.7 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/05/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-50069 resides within the Java Virtual Machine component of Oracle Database Server, representing a significant security weakness that affects specific version ranges including 19.3 through 19.27 and 21.3 through 21.18. This flaw operates under the Common Weakness Enumeration classification of CWE-250, which encompasses improper privilege management and execution flow manipulation within software systems. The vulnerability's exploitability requires minimal prerequisites, as it can be triggered by attackers possessing only basic database privileges including Create Session and Create Procedure permissions. This accessibility significantly broadens the potential threat landscape, as such privileges are often granted to standard database users in typical enterprise environments.
The attack vector for this vulnerability utilizes Oracle Net network protocols, enabling remote exploitation from network-accessible systems. The technical implementation flaw lies within the Java VM's handling of certain execution contexts, particularly when processing database procedures that invoke Java-based functionality. This vulnerability specifically targets the Java VM's security boundaries, allowing attackers to bypass normal access controls and potentially escalate their privileges within the Java execution environment. The CVSS 3.1 scoring system rates this vulnerability at 7.7 out of 10, with a base vector indicating network accessibility, low attack complexity, and a low privilege requirement, while the scope change component (S:C) reflects the potential for cascading impacts beyond the initial target system.
The operational impact of successful exploitation extends beyond simple data access, potentially enabling attackers to achieve complete compromise of all Java VM accessible data within the database environment. This includes sensitive information stored in database tables, configuration parameters, and potentially system-level data that the Java VM can access. The confidentiality impact is rated as high (C:H) indicating that unauthorized access to critical data represents the primary concern. The vulnerability's potential to affect additional products demonstrates the interconnected nature of modern database systems where a single flaw in one component can create cascading security issues across the entire infrastructure. Attackers could leverage this vulnerability to extract sensitive information, modify database contents, or establish persistent access points within the database environment.
Security professionals should implement immediate mitigations including applying Oracle's security patches and updates as soon as they become available, restricting network access to database systems, and implementing least-privilege principles for database user accounts. Additional protective measures include network segmentation, monitoring for unusual database activity, and implementing database firewalls to control access to database services. The vulnerability's classification under ATT&CK technique T1078.004 (Valid Accounts: Cloud Infrastructure and Services) highlights the importance of credential management and access control monitoring. Organizations should also consider implementing database activity monitoring solutions that can detect anomalous Java VM execution patterns and potential exploitation attempts. Regular security assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify additional vulnerabilities that may be exploited in conjunction with this weakness, particularly focusing on privilege escalation paths and network access controls.