CVE-2025-50101 in MySQL Server
Summary
by MITRE • 07/15/2025
Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.0-8.0.42, 8.4.0-8.4.5 and 9.0.0-9.3.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.9 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/02/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-50101 represents a critical availability issue within Oracle MySQL Server's optimizer component, affecting multiple version ranges including 8.0.0 through 8.0.42, 8.4.0 through 8.4.5, and 9.0.0 through 9.3.0. This flaw exists within the server's query optimization engine, which is responsible for determining the most efficient execution plan for database operations. The vulnerability's classification as easily exploitable indicates that attackers with high privileges and network access can leverage this weakness to compromise system availability. The CVSS score of 4.9 reflects the significant impact on system availability, with the vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H demonstrating that network-based attacks requiring high privileges can lead to complete denial of service conditions.
The technical nature of this vulnerability stems from improper handling within the MySQL Server's optimizer module, where specific query patterns or conditions can trigger memory corruption or resource exhaustion scenarios. When exploited, the vulnerability causes the MySQL server process to either hang indefinitely or crash repeatedly, resulting in complete service disruption. This behavior aligns with CWE-121, which describes heap-based buffer overflow conditions, and may also relate to CWE-122, indicating improper restriction of operations within a memory buffer. The attack surface is particularly concerning as it requires only high-privileged network access, suggesting that authenticated users with sufficient permissions could exploit this weakness without requiring additional privileges or complex attack vectors.
From an operational perspective, the impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple service interruption to potentially affect business continuity and data availability for organizations relying on MySQL databases. The complete denial of service condition means that database operations become impossible until the server is manually restarted or the underlying issue is resolved through patching. This vulnerability particularly affects environments where MySQL serves as a critical backend component for applications, web services, or enterprise systems that depend on continuous database availability. The repeated crash behavior indicates that even if an initial attack is mitigated, the system may remain unstable and require manual intervention to restore full functionality, creating extended downtime windows that can severely impact operational efficiency.
Organizations should prioritize immediate patch management to address this vulnerability, as the CVSS score indicates a moderate to high risk level that warrants urgent attention. The recommended mitigation strategy involves applying the latest security patches from Oracle that specifically address the optimizer component flaws. System administrators should also implement network segmentation and access controls to limit the potential attack surface, ensuring that only authorized high-privileged users can access the database server. Monitoring systems should be enhanced to detect unusual patterns of database server crashes or hangs that could indicate exploitation attempts, and incident response procedures should be updated to include specific protocols for handling MySQL availability disruptions. Additionally, organizations should consider implementing database connection pooling and failover mechanisms to minimize the impact of potential service interruptions while patches are being deployed. The vulnerability's classification under the ATT&CK framework would likely map to T1499.004 (Endpoint Denial of Service) and potentially T1566.001 (Phishing) if exploitation involves initial access through social engineering tactics.