CVE-2025-50360 in Language
Summary
by MITRE • 12/03/2025
A heap buffer overflow in compiler.c and compiler.h in Pepper language 0.1.1commit 961a5d9988c5986d563310275adad3fd181b2bb7. Malicious execution of a pepper source file(.pr) could lead to arbitrary code execution or Denial of Service.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/03/2025
The heap buffer overflow vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-50360 resides within the Pepper language compiler implementation, specifically in the compiler.c and compiler.h source files. This vulnerability manifests in version 0.1.1 of the Pepper language, with the affected codebase rooted in commit 961a5d9988c5986d563310275adad3fd181b2bb7. The flaw represents a critical security weakness that can be exploited through the processing of maliciously crafted Pepper source files with the .pr extension, potentially enabling remote code execution or system denial of service conditions.
The technical nature of this vulnerability stems from improper bounds checking during heap memory allocation and manipulation within the compiler's parsing and compilation routines. When the Pepper compiler processes input source files, it fails to adequately validate input lengths or buffer boundaries, allowing attackers to craft malicious input that exceeds allocated memory boundaries. This condition creates a heap buffer overflow scenario where adjacent memory regions can be overwritten, leading to unpredictable program behavior. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-121, heap-based buffer overflow, and represents a classic memory safety issue that can be leveraged for arbitrary code execution through carefully crafted input sequences.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple denial of service conditions to encompass full system compromise potential. An attacker who can convince a victim to execute a malicious .pr file through the Pepper compiler would gain the ability to execute arbitrary code on the target system with the privileges of the compiler process. This represents a significant threat vector within environments where Pepper language compilation is performed, particularly in automated build systems, development environments, or any scenario where untrusted input might be processed. The vulnerability's exploitation could lead to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, or persistent backdoor installation, making it a critical concern for security-conscious organizations.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should prioritize immediate patching of the affected Pepper language version, with security updates addressing the heap buffer overflow conditions in compiler.c and compiler.h. Organizations should implement strict input validation measures for all Pepper source file processing, including the deployment of sandboxing mechanisms that isolate compiler execution environments. The implementation of address space layout randomization, stack canaries, and other exploit mitigation techniques can help reduce the effectiveness of potential exploitation attempts. Additionally, security monitoring should be enhanced to detect unusual compiler activity patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts, and access controls should be enforced to limit who can execute Pepper source files within the environment. This vulnerability demonstrates the importance of memory safety practices in compiler design and underscores the need for comprehensive security testing of language implementations, particularly those handling untrusted input data.