CVE-2025-52053 in X6000R
Summary
by MITRE • 09/15/2025
TOTOLINK X6000R V9.4.0cu.1360_B20241207 was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the sub_417D74 function via the file_name parameter. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
Be aware that VulDB is the high quality source for vulnerability data.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/15/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-52053 affects the TOTOLINK X6000R router firmware version V9.4.0cu.1360_B20241207, representing a critical command injection flaw within the device's web management interface. This issue resides in the sub_417D74 function where the file_name parameter is processed without adequate input validation or sanitization. The flaw enables unauthenticated remote attackers to inject and execute arbitrary commands on the affected device, potentially compromising the entire network infrastructure. The vulnerability stems from improper handling of user-supplied input within the router's firmware, creating an attack surface that allows malicious actors to escalate their privileges and gain unauthorized control over the device.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability demonstrates a classic command injection weakness where the file_name parameter directly influences system command execution without proper sanitization. Attackers can craft malicious requests that manipulate the file_name parameter to inject operating system commands, effectively bypassing authentication mechanisms and executing arbitrary code with the privileges of the affected service. This flaw aligns with CWE-77 and CWE-88 categories, which specifically address command injection vulnerabilities where user-controllable data is improperly integrated into system commands. The absence of input validation and output encoding in the sub_417D74 function creates a direct path for attackers to manipulate the device's underlying operating system through the web interface.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple unauthorized access, as it provides attackers with complete control over the affected router and its network connectivity. Once exploited, the compromised device can serve as a pivot point for lateral movement within the network, potentially enabling attackers to access other connected devices and systems. The unauthenticated nature of this vulnerability means that no credentials are required for exploitation, making it particularly dangerous for enterprise and home networks. This vulnerability can be leveraged for various malicious activities including but not limited to data exfiltration, network monitoring, creating backdoors, or using the device as part of a botnet. The attack surface is further amplified by the fact that many users may not regularly update their router firmware, leaving devices exposed to this known vulnerability for extended periods.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-52053 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK to address the command injection flaw in the sub_417D74 function. Network administrators should implement network segmentation and access control measures to limit the potential impact of a successful exploitation attempt. Additionally, monitoring for suspicious network traffic patterns and unusual command execution on the affected device can help detect exploitation attempts. The vulnerability should be classified under ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter, as attackers would leverage the compromised device to execute system commands. Organizations should also consider implementing network intrusion detection systems that can identify and block malicious requests targeting known vulnerable parameters within router management interfaces. Regular security assessments and firmware update policies are essential to prevent exploitation of similar vulnerabilities in other network infrastructure components.