CVE-2025-54883 in Vision-ui
Summary
by MITRE • 08/06/2025
Vision UI is a collection of enterprise-grade, dependency-free modules for modern web projects. In versions 1.4.0 and below, the getSecureRandomInt function in security-kit versions prior to 3.5.0 (packaged in Vision-ui <= 1.4.0) contains a critical cryptographic weakness. Due to a silent 32-bit integer overflow in its internal masking logic, the function fails to produce a uniform distribution of random numbers when the requested range between min and max is larger than 2³². The root cause is the use of a 32-bit bitwise left-shift operation (<<) to generate a bitmask for the rejection sampling algorithm. This causes the mask to be incorrect for any range requiring 32 or more bits of entropy. This issue is fixed in version 1.5.0.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/06/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-54883 affects Vision UI, a collection of enterprise-grade web modules that emphasizes dependency-free design for modern applications. This security flaw resides within the security-kit component, specifically in the getSecureRandomInt function which is critical for generating cryptographically secure random numbers. The issue manifests in versions 1.4.0 and below of Vision UI, where the underlying security-kit library versions prior to 3.5.0 contain a fundamental cryptographic weakness that undermines the integrity of random number generation. The vulnerability represents a significant concern for applications relying on this component for security-sensitive operations such as token generation, session management, or cryptographic key derivation.
The technical root cause of this vulnerability lies in the implementation of a 32-bit integer overflow within the internal masking logic of the random number generation algorithm. The function employs a rejection sampling approach to generate random numbers within specified ranges, but fails to properly handle cases where the requested range exceeds the capabilities of 32-bit arithmetic operations. Specifically, the implementation uses a 32-bit bitwise left-shift operation (<<) to construct a bitmask for the rejection sampling algorithm, which becomes fundamentally flawed when dealing with ranges that require 32 or more bits of entropy. This 32-bit limitation causes the generated mask to be incorrect, resulting in a non-uniform distribution of random numbers that can be exploited by attackers to predict or bias the output. The silent nature of this overflow means that applications may appear to function normally while silently producing compromised random sequences, making detection particularly challenging.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple randomness degradation to potentially compromise the security of entire applications that depend on the affected random number generation. When the requested range exceeds 2³², the function fails to provide cryptographically secure random numbers, creating opportunities for attackers to exploit predictable patterns in the output. This weakness directly affects the security properties of any application components that rely on secure random number generation for critical functions such as authentication tokens, session identifiers, cryptographic key generation, or nonce creation. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-330, which addresses the use of insufficiently random values in cryptographic contexts, and represents a clear violation of the principles outlined in NIST SP 800-90A regarding the generation of random numbers with adequate entropy. Attackers could potentially exploit this weakness to bypass security controls, predict session tokens, or compromise the integrity of cryptographic operations that depend on secure randomness.
Mitigation of this vulnerability requires immediate upgrading to Vision UI version 1.5.0 or later, which includes the fixed security-kit component version 3.5.0 and above. Organizations should conduct thorough security assessments of their applications to identify all components that may be using the affected getSecureRandomInt function, particularly those involved in security-sensitive operations. The fix addresses the core issue by implementing proper handling of bit masking operations that can accommodate ranges exceeding 32 bits, ensuring uniform distribution of random numbers across all supported ranges. Additionally, system administrators should review existing cryptographic implementations that may have been affected by this vulnerability, potentially requiring reissuance of tokens, session identifiers, or cryptographic keys that were generated during the vulnerable period. The remediation aligns with the ATT&CK technique T1583.001, which involves obtaining capabilities through third-party software, emphasizing the importance of maintaining updated security dependencies and monitoring for vulnerable components in the software supply chain.