CVE-2025-5527 in RX3
Summary
by MITRE • 06/04/2025
A vulnerability was found in Tenda RX3 16.03.13.11_multi_TDE01. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function save_staticroute_data of the file /goform/SetStaticRouteCfg. The manipulation of the argument list leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/04/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-5527 represents a critical stack-based buffer overflow in the Tenda RX3 router firmware version 16.03.13.11_multi_TDE01. This flaw resides within the save_staticroute_data function of the /goform/SetStaticRouteCfg file, which serves as a web interface endpoint for managing static routing configurations. The vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and bounds checking when processing the argument list provided to this function, creating a scenario where maliciously crafted input can overwrite adjacent memory locations on the stack. The attack vector is remotely exploitable, meaning an attacker can trigger the vulnerability without physical access to the device, making it particularly dangerous for network infrastructure components.
The technical implementation of this buffer overflow occurs when the router processes HTTP requests containing specially crafted parameters through the SetStaticRouteCfg form interface. The save_staticroute_data function fails to properly validate the length of input data before copying it into fixed-size stack buffers, allowing an attacker to exceed the allocated buffer space and overwrite return addresses, saved registers, and other critical stack data. This type of vulnerability falls under CWE-121 Stack-based Buffer Overflow, which is classified as a high-risk vulnerability due to its potential for arbitrary code execution. The remote exploitation capability means that attackers can leverage this vulnerability through web-based attacks, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-5527 extends beyond simple denial of service, as the stack-based buffer overflow creates opportunities for privilege escalation and persistent system compromise. Once exploited, an attacker could gain full administrative control over the router, potentially enabling man-in-the-middle attacks, DNS hijacking, or use of the device as a pivot point for attacking internal network resources. The vulnerability affects network security infrastructure devices that are often deployed in residential and small business environments where security updates may be infrequently applied, creating a significant risk landscape. According to ATT&CK framework, this vulnerability maps to T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter and T1566 Phishing, as it enables attackers to establish persistent access and potentially launch further attacks through compromised network devices.
The public disclosure of this exploit significantly increases the threat level, as it provides attackers with ready-to-use tools and techniques for targeting affected Tenda RX3 devices. Organizations and individuals should immediately implement network segmentation measures to isolate affected devices and monitor for suspicious network activity. The recommended mitigations include applying firmware updates from Tenda, implementing network access controls to restrict access to the router management interface, and deploying intrusion detection systems to monitor for exploitation attempts. Additionally, network administrators should consider disabling unnecessary web management interfaces and implementing strong authentication mechanisms to reduce the attack surface. The vulnerability highlights the importance of firmware security testing and the need for manufacturers to provide timely security updates for their networking equipment.