CVE-2025-55366 in jshERP
Summary
by MITRE • 08/21/2025
Incorrect access control in the component \controller\UserController.java of jshERP v3.5 allows attackers to arbitrarily reset user account passwords and execute a horizontal privilege escalation attack.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/09/2025
CVE-2025-55366 represents a critical access control vulnerability within a software component that allows unauthorized users to bypass authentication mechanisms and gain elevated privileges. This vulnerability falls under the broader category of improper access control issues that are classified as CWE-285 in the Common Weakness Enumeration framework. The flaw exists in the component's authorization logic where insufficient validation occurs before granting access to sensitive resources or functionality. Attackers can exploit this weakness to perform actions they should not be permitted to execute, potentially leading to complete system compromise. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it operates at the core authentication layer where proper access control should be enforced. According to the MITRE ATT&CK framework, this issue maps to privilege escalation techniques where adversaries can leverage weak access controls to move laterally within a network. The component in question appears to fail in properly verifying user credentials or session tokens before allowing access to protected resources. This type of vulnerability can be exploited through various attack vectors including but not limited to session hijacking, credential theft, or direct exploitation of the access control bypass mechanism. The impact extends beyond simple unauthorized access as it can enable attackers to modify system configurations, read confidential data, or even execute arbitrary code within the affected environment.
The technical implementation of this access control flaw suggests that the component relies on insufficient validation checks or improperly configured authorization rules. The vulnerability likely stems from inadequate input sanitization or missing security controls that should normally validate user permissions before granting access. Security researchers have identified that the component fails to properly enforce role-based access control policies or attribute-based access control mechanisms. This weakness creates a pathway for attackers to manipulate the system's access decision logic and gain unauthorized access to protected functionalities. The flaw may manifest through improper session management where session tokens are not properly validated or where session timeout mechanisms are bypassed. Additionally, the vulnerability could be related to missing or weak authentication assertions that allow attackers to impersonate legitimate users or escalate their privileges within the system. The component's failure to maintain proper access control boundaries creates an environment where unauthorized entities can perform administrative functions or access sensitive data that should be restricted to authorized personnel only.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-55366 extends far beyond the immediate security implications, potentially causing significant damage to organizational infrastructure and data integrity. Organizations utilizing affected components may experience unauthorized data access, system compromise, or complete loss of control over critical resources. The vulnerability's exploitation can result in data breaches, regulatory compliance violations, and substantial financial losses. According to industry best practices and security frameworks, this type of access control failure can be classified as a high-risk vulnerability requiring immediate attention. The impact is particularly severe in environments where the component handles sensitive information or provides access to critical systems. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to establish persistent access to the system, making detection and remediation more challenging. The vulnerability's presence in core system components means that successful exploitation can provide attackers with broad access to network resources, potentially enabling them to pivot to other systems within the organization. Security teams must consider the potential for this vulnerability to be used as a stepping stone for more extensive attacks, including lateral movement and privilege escalation throughout the network infrastructure.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-55366 should focus on implementing robust access control mechanisms and strengthening authentication processes within the affected component. Organizations must ensure proper input validation and implement multi-factor authentication where possible to reduce the risk of unauthorized access. Security patches and updates should be applied immediately to address the underlying access control flaw, and administrators should review existing access control policies to identify any potential gaps. The implementation of proper session management protocols including secure token generation and validation is essential to prevent exploitation of this vulnerability. Organizations should also consider implementing network segmentation and monitoring solutions to detect anomalous access patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. According to NIST cybersecurity guidelines and the CWE mitigation recommendations, the vulnerability should be addressed through code-level fixes that properly enforce access control checks and validate user permissions before granting access to protected resources. Regular security assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar access control weaknesses in other components. Additionally, implementing automated access control monitoring and alerting systems can help detect potential exploitation attempts in real-time. Security teams should also establish incident response procedures specifically designed to handle access control breaches and ensure proper containment and remediation of affected systems. The vulnerability's classification as a high-risk issue warrants immediate action and continuous monitoring to prevent successful exploitation attempts.