CVE-2025-57428 in Wireless Mini Router WIRELESS-N 300M
Summary
by MITRE • 09/29/2025
Default credentials in Each Italy Wireless Mini Router WIRELESS-N 300M v28K.MiniRouter.20190211 allows attackers to gain access to the debug shell exposed via Telnet on Port 23 and execute hardware-level flash and register manipulation commands.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/29/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-57428 affects the Each Italy Wireless Mini Router WIRELESS-N 300M v28K.MiniRouter.20190211 model which presents a critical security flaw through the use of default credentials. This device exposes a debug shell interface accessible via the Telnet protocol on port 23, creating an attack vector that allows unauthorized parties to establish connections using predetermined default authentication credentials. The presence of these hardcoded credentials represents a fundamental failure in secure configuration practices and violates security best practices outlined in industry standards such as the OWASP Top Ten and NIST guidelines for secure software development.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from the router's firmware design where default administrative credentials remain unchanged and accessible without requiring authentication. When attackers successfully authenticate using these default credentials, they gain access to a debug shell environment that provides extensive control over the device's underlying hardware components. This access level enables manipulation of hardware-level flash memory and register configurations, which can result in complete system compromise. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-798 as the use of hard-coded credentials, and under CWE-255 as improper handling of authentication credentials. The attack surface is particularly concerning because it allows for low-level system modifications that can persist across reboots and may enable attackers to install persistent backdoors or modify firmware in ways that are difficult to detect.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and multifaceted, as it provides attackers with direct access to critical system functions that should only be available to authorized administrators. The ability to manipulate flash memory and registers means that attackers can potentially modify the device's boot process, alter network configurations, or inject malicious code into the router's firmware. This capability enables attackers to establish persistent access points within networks, create unauthorized network tunnels, or use the compromised router as a launching platform for attacks against other networked devices. According to the MITRE ATT&CK framework, this vulnerability maps to multiple techniques including T1021.004 for remote services and T1068 for local privilege escalation, as the default credentials provide a foothold that can be leveraged for further compromise. Network administrators may face significant challenges in detecting such attacks since the modified configurations can appear to be legitimate system operations.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on immediate credential changes and network segmentation to limit the impact of potential exploitation. The primary recommendation involves changing default administrative credentials to strong, unique passwords immediately upon device deployment. Organizations should implement strict access controls and disable unnecessary services such as Telnet when not required for legitimate administrative purposes. Network monitoring should include detection of unauthorized Telnet connections on port 23 and anomalous flash memory access patterns. The device firmware should be updated to versions that address the hardcoded credential issue, though vendors may need to provide patches specifically for this model. Security teams should also consider implementing network access control lists to restrict access to management interfaces and deploy intrusion detection systems to monitor for suspicious authentication attempts. Additionally, regular security audits of networked devices should include verification of default credential usage and proper configuration management to prevent similar vulnerabilities from being introduced in future deployments.