CVE-2025-59513 in Windows
Summary
by MITRE • 11/11/2025
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Bluetooth RFCOM Protocol Driver allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/05/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-59513 represents a critical out-of-bounds read flaw within the Windows Bluetooth RFCOMM protocol driver component. This issue specifically affects the Bluetooth subsystem's handling of RFCOMM (Radio Frequency Communication) protocol data structures, which are fundamental to establishing and maintaining Bluetooth serial port connections between devices. The vulnerability exists in the kernel-mode driver responsible for processing Bluetooth RFCOMM frames, where insufficient bounds checking allows malicious code to access memory locations beyond the intended buffer boundaries.
The technical nature of this flaw stems from inadequate input validation within the Bluetooth RFCOMM driver's packet processing routines. When the driver receives specially crafted Bluetooth RFCOMM frames containing malformed data structures, it fails to properly validate the length and boundaries of incoming data before attempting to read from memory locations. This allows an attacker with local access to manipulate the driver's memory access patterns and potentially read sensitive data from adjacent memory regions. The vulnerability is classified as a buffer over-read condition that operates within the kernel context, making it particularly dangerous as it can access privileged memory areas containing system secrets, credentials, or other confidential information.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability presents a significant risk to Windows systems running Bluetooth services, particularly in enterprise environments where local user access might be more prevalent. The attack requires local authentication and execution privileges, which means an attacker must already have access to the target system through legitimate user accounts or other means. However, once inside the system, the attacker can leverage this vulnerability to extract information from the kernel memory space, potentially including cryptographic keys, user credentials, or other sensitive system data. The impact extends beyond simple information disclosure as this could serve as a stepping stone for more sophisticated attacks, including privilege escalation or lateral movement within the network.
The vulnerability aligns with CWE-129, which describes improper validation of length of input buffers, and specifically relates to the broader category of buffer over-read conditions that have been consistently exploited in Windows kernel components. According to ATT&CK framework, this vulnerability would be categorized under T1059.001 (Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell) or T1068 (Exploitation for Privilege Escalation) when leveraged by attackers. The attack vector requires an authorized local user with the ability to execute code on the target system, which could be achieved through social engineering, credential theft, or other initial compromise methods. Organizations should prioritize patching this vulnerability as it represents a potential information disclosure threat that could lead to more severe security incidents when combined with other exploitation techniques.
Mitigation strategies should focus on immediate patch deployment through Microsoft's regular security updates, combined with network segmentation to limit local access privileges. System administrators should implement least privilege principles and monitor for unusual local activity patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. Additionally, endpoint detection and response solutions should be configured to detect anomalous memory access patterns that could indicate exploitation of this vulnerability. Regular security assessments should include verification of Bluetooth service configurations and monitoring for unauthorized Bluetooth device connections that could be used as attack vectors. The vulnerability demonstrates the ongoing importance of kernel-mode security testing and the critical need for robust input validation in system drivers that handle network protocols.