CVE-2025-5993 in ITCube
Summary
by MITRE • 09/08/2025
ITCube CRM in versions from 2023.2 through 2025.2 is vulnerable to path traversal. Unauthenticated remote attacker is able to exploit vulnerable parameter fileName and construct payloads that allow to download any file accessible by the the web server process.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/08/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-5993 affects ITCube CRM versions ranging from 2023.2 through 2025.2 and represents a critical path traversal flaw that enables unauthenticated remote attackers to access arbitrary files on the target system. This vulnerability resides in the fileName parameter handling mechanism within the application's file download functionality, creating a significant security risk that directly violates the principle of least privilege and proper input validation. The flaw allows attackers to manipulate file path references through crafted payloads, bypassing normal access controls that should restrict file system access to authorized users only.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and sanitization within the file handling component of ITCube CRM. When the application processes the fileName parameter, it fails to properly validate or sanitize user-supplied input, allowing malicious actors to inject directory traversal sequences such as ../ or ..\ that can navigate outside the intended directory boundaries. This weakness directly maps to CWE-22, which defines path traversal vulnerabilities as the ability to access files and directories stored outside the intended directory, by manipulating input to point to arbitrary file locations. The vulnerability exists at the application layer where file system operations are performed without adequate boundary checks or access control mechanisms.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and multifaceted, as it provides attackers with unrestricted access to files that are accessible by the web server process. This includes potentially sensitive configuration files, database credentials, application source code, log files, and other system resources that may contain confidential information. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to escalate their privileges and gain deeper insights into the target environment, potentially leading to complete system compromise. The unauthenticated nature of the exploit means that any remote user can attempt to exploit this vulnerability without requiring prior authorization or credentials, making the attack surface significantly broader than authenticated vulnerabilities. This weakness aligns with ATT&CK technique T1083, which covers the discovery of system files and directories through reconnaissance activities.
The exploitation of CVE-2025-5993 follows a predictable pattern where attackers construct malicious payloads that leverage directory traversal sequences to access files outside the intended scope. The vulnerability affects the web server process directly, meaning that if the web server has access to sensitive files such as configuration files containing database credentials or application secrets, those files become immediately accessible to remote attackers. This creates a cascading security risk where the compromise of a single file download endpoint can lead to exposure of multiple system components and potentially the entire application infrastructure. Organizations running affected versions should immediately implement mitigations as this vulnerability represents a high-severity threat that can be exploited by automated scanning tools and malicious actors without significant technical expertise.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should include immediate implementation of proper input validation and sanitization measures to prevent directory traversal sequences from being processed. The application should enforce strict path validation that ensures all file access operations remain within designated directories and reject any input containing traversal sequences. Additionally, organizations should implement proper access controls and privilege separation to ensure that the web server process operates with minimal required permissions, reducing the potential impact of successful exploitation. Regular security updates and patches should be applied immediately upon availability, and comprehensive network monitoring should be implemented to detect potential exploitation attempts. The vulnerability also underscores the importance of implementing web application firewalls and input validation controls as part of a defense-in-depth strategy to prevent similar issues from occurring in other application components.