CVE-2025-60331 in DIR-823G A1
Summary
by MITRE • 10/22/2025
D-Link DIR-823G A1 v1.0.2B05 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow in the FillMacCloneMac parameter in the /EXCU_SHELL endpoint. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted input.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/22/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-60331 affects the D-Link DIR-823G A1 router model running firmware version 1.0.2B05. This device falls under the category of enterprise networking equipment that handles administrative functions through web-based interfaces. The specific endpoint /EXCU_SHELL represents a command execution interface that processes user inputs for various router management tasks. The buffer overflow occurs within the FillMacCloneMac parameter, which is designed to handle MAC address cloning functionality for network interface configuration. This parameter processing mechanism lacks proper input validation and bounds checking, creating a critical security gap that can be exploited by malicious actors.
The technical flaw manifests as a classic stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability, which is categorized under CWE-121. This occurs when the application writes more data to a fixed-length buffer than it can accommodate, causing adjacent memory locations to be overwritten. The FillMacCloneMac parameter specifically handles MAC address data that should be limited to 12 hexadecimal characters representing a standard MAC address format. However, the implementation fails to validate the input length before copying it into a predetermined buffer space, allowing attackers to supply oversized input that exceeds the allocated memory boundaries. This vulnerability directly relates to the ATT&CK technique T1210 - Exploitation of Remote Services, as it represents an unauthenticated remote code execution vector through the web interface.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple denial of service, as it creates potential pathways for more sophisticated attacks. While the current description indicates a DoS condition, the buffer overflow could potentially be leveraged for arbitrary code execution if proper exploitation techniques are applied. The affected router model serves as a critical network gateway for many small to medium enterprises and residential users, making it a valuable target for attackers seeking to establish persistent network access. The vulnerability affects the device's administrative interface, which means that successful exploitation could provide attackers with unauthorized access to router configuration settings, network traffic monitoring capabilities, and potential lateral movement opportunities within the local network. The DoS condition itself represents a significant operational risk as it can disrupt network connectivity for all users relying on the affected device.
Mitigation strategies should focus on immediate firmware updates from D-Link, as this is the most effective solution for addressing the root cause. Network administrators should also implement network segmentation and access controls to limit exposure of the affected device to untrusted networks. The implementation of web application firewalls and input validation rules can provide additional protection layers against malformed requests targeting the /EXCU_SHELL endpoint. Security monitoring should include detection of unusual traffic patterns and malformed requests to the vulnerable parameter. Organizations should also consider disabling unnecessary administrative interfaces and implementing strong authentication mechanisms. The vulnerability highlights the importance of proper input validation and bounds checking in embedded systems, particularly those handling user-supplied data in network device management interfaces. Regular security assessments and vulnerability scanning of network infrastructure should be conducted to identify similar issues in other devices within the network perimeter.