CVE-2025-64656 in Azure App Gateway
Summary
by MITRE • 11/26/2025
Out-of-bounds read in Application Gateway allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/08/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-64656 represents a critical out-of-bounds read flaw within the Application Gateway component that enables unauthorized attackers to achieve privilege escalation over network resources. This type of vulnerability typically arises when an application attempts to access memory locations beyond the allocated boundaries of an array or data structure, creating potential entry points for malicious exploitation. The security implications are particularly severe given that the flaw exists within a network gateway component that serves as a critical infrastructure element for traffic management and access control. Such vulnerabilities in gateway systems can provide attackers with elevated privileges that extend beyond simple data access to full control over network operations and resource management.
The technical implementation of this out-of-bounds read vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and memory management within the Application Gateway's processing routines. When the gateway receives network traffic or configuration data, it processes this information without proper boundary checks, allowing an attacker to craft malicious inputs that trigger memory access violations. This flaw aligns with CWE-129, which specifically addresses insufficient input validation leading to out-of-bounds reads, and may also relate to CWE-787, which covers out-of-bounds write operations that can result in privilege escalation. The vulnerability's presence in a network gateway component means that attackers can exploit it to manipulate the gateway's internal state, potentially altering routing decisions, modifying access controls, or gaining unauthorized administrative capabilities.
Operational impact assessment reveals that successful exploitation of CVE-2025-64656 could result in comprehensive network compromise, as the Application Gateway typically serves as a central point for traffic control and security enforcement. Attackers who successfully exploit this vulnerability could elevate their privileges to administrative levels, potentially gaining complete control over network traffic flow, access permissions, and security policies. The attack surface extends beyond immediate network access to include potential lateral movement within the network infrastructure, as the gateway often serves as a bridge between different network segments. This vulnerability could also enable attackers to perform man-in-the-middle attacks, traffic interception, or denial-of-service conditions that could severely impact business operations and data integrity. According to ATT&CK framework, this vulnerability would map to techniques such as privilege escalation through exploitation of software vulnerabilities and initial access via network service exploitation.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-64656 should focus on immediate patch management and network segmentation to limit potential impact. Organizations must prioritize applying vendor-provided patches or updates that address the out-of-bounds read condition in the Application Gateway implementation. Additionally, implementing network monitoring and anomaly detection systems can help identify exploitation attempts by monitoring for unusual traffic patterns or unauthorized privilege changes. Input validation should be strengthened at all network gateway interfaces, with proper bounds checking and memory management practices enforced throughout the application code. Network segmentation and least-privilege access controls should be implemented to reduce the potential impact if exploitation occurs. Regular security assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other network infrastructure components, as this type of memory corruption vulnerability often indicates broader code quality issues that may exist elsewhere in the system architecture.