CVE-2025-64704 in wasm-micro-runtime
Summary
by MITRE • 11/26/2025
WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a lightweight standalone WebAssembly (Wasm) runtime. Prior to version 2.4.4, WAMR is susceptible to a segmentation fault in v128.store instruction. This issue has been patched in version 2.4.4.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/04/2025
The WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) represents a lightweight standalone runtime environment designed for executing WebAssembly applications in constrained environments such as embedded systems and IoT devices. This runtime implementation has been widely adopted in scenarios requiring efficient WebAssembly execution with minimal resource consumption. The vulnerability under examination specifically targets the v128.store instruction handling within WAMR's execution engine, which processes vector storage operations for 128-bit data types. This particular instruction set is crucial for multimedia processing, cryptographic operations, and other compute-intensive tasks that leverage WebAssembly's vector capabilities. The segmentation fault occurs during the execution of vector storage operations, indicating a critical memory management failure in the runtime's instruction processing pipeline.
The technical flaw manifests as a memory access violation when the v128.store instruction attempts to write data to memory locations that have not been properly validated or allocated. This vulnerability stems from inadequate bounds checking and memory management within the WebAssembly execution context, particularly when handling vector data types. The segmentation fault represents a classic memory safety issue where the runtime fails to properly validate memory access patterns during vector storage operations, potentially allowing for arbitrary memory corruption or access violations. This type of vulnerability falls under the CWE-125 weakness category, which describes out-of-bounds read conditions that can lead to memory corruption and system instability. The flaw exists specifically in the runtime's handling of 128-bit vector storage operations, where the memory address calculation or validation logic fails to properly account for boundary conditions.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple runtime crashes, as it can potentially enable attackers to exploit the segmentation fault for more sophisticated attacks. In environments where WAMR is deployed for critical operations, such as embedded systems or edge computing devices, this vulnerability could allow for denial of service attacks that disrupt normal operation. The memory corruption potential also raises concerns about information disclosure or privilege escalation scenarios, particularly when WAMR is used in security-sensitive applications. Attackers could potentially leverage this vulnerability to cause system instability or gain unauthorized access to system resources. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.007, which covers WebAssembly-based execution, and represents a critical weakness in the runtime's memory safety mechanisms that could be exploited in supply chain attacks targeting embedded systems. The vulnerability's presence in versions prior to 2.4.4 indicates that it was a significant oversight in the runtime's security design, particularly given the increasing adoption of vector operations in modern WebAssembly applications.
The patch implemented in version 2.4.4 addresses the core memory validation issue by introducing proper bounds checking and memory allocation validation for the v128.store instruction. This fix ensures that all memory access operations for 128-bit vector data types are properly validated before execution, preventing the segmentation fault condition that previously occurred. The mitigation strategy involves strengthening the runtime's memory management subsystem to properly handle vector data type operations while maintaining performance characteristics essential for embedded environments. Organizations using WAMR should prioritize updating to version 2.4.4 or later to eliminate this vulnerability, particularly in production environments where system stability and security are paramount. The patch demonstrates the importance of memory safety validation in runtime environments and highlights the need for comprehensive testing of vector instruction handling in WebAssembly implementations. Additionally, system administrators should monitor for potential exploitation attempts and implement additional security controls such as runtime monitoring and intrusion detection systems to protect against potential exploitation of similar vulnerabilities in other components of the WebAssembly ecosystem.