CVE-2025-66030 in forge
Summary
by MITRE • 11/27/2025
Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Integer Overflow vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft ASN.1 structures containing OIDs with oversized arcs. These arcs may be decoded as smaller, trusted OIDs due to 32-bit bitwise truncation, enabling the bypass of downstream OID-based security decisions. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 12/06/2025
The CVE-2025-66030 vulnerability affects node-forge, a widely used JavaScript implementation of Transport Layer Security that serves as a critical component in many web applications and security libraries. This vulnerability represents a sophisticated integer overflow flaw that specifically targets the ASN.1 structure parsing capabilities within the library, making it particularly dangerous for security-sensitive applications that rely on proper OID validation. The vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation in the ASN.1 decoding process, where oversized OID arcs are processed through 32-bit bitwise operations that truncate values in a manner that can mask malicious intent.
The technical flaw manifests when the library processes ASN.1 structures containing Object Identifier (OID) values with oversized arcs that exceed the expected 32-bit integer boundaries. During the decoding process, these oversized values undergo bitwise truncation operations that convert them into smaller values that may correspond to legitimate, trusted OIDs. This creates a scenario where an attacker can craft malicious ASN.1 structures that appear to contain benign OIDs but are actually interpreted as different, potentially dangerous identifiers due to the truncation behavior. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it operates at the foundational level of certificate processing and cryptographic protocol implementation.
From an operational impact perspective, this vulnerability enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to bypass downstream security decisions that rely on OID-based validation mechanisms. The attack vector is particularly dangerous because it can be executed without requiring authentication or prior access to the target system, making it highly exploitable in network-based scenarios. Applications that depend on node-forge for certificate validation, TLS implementation, or cryptographic operations may be vulnerable to attacks that manipulate certificate chains or bypass security policies based on OID validation. The vulnerability's impact extends beyond simple certificate validation as it affects any system that relies on proper OID interpretation for security decisions.
The mitigation strategy centers on upgrading to node-forge version 1.3.2 or later, which includes proper bounds checking and integer overflow protection for ASN.1 OID processing. Security teams should conduct comprehensive assessments of their applications to identify all dependencies on vulnerable versions of node-forge and ensure proper patching across their infrastructure. Organizations should also consider implementing additional monitoring for anomalous certificate validation behavior or OID-based security decisions that might indicate exploitation attempts. This vulnerability aligns with CWE-190, which describes integer overflow conditions, and represents a specific instance of how bitwise operations can create security weaknesses in cryptographic libraries. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this as a privilege escalation technique through software exploitation, as it enables attackers to bypass security controls that should prevent unauthorized access or manipulation of cryptographic operations.