CVE-2025-67972 in Prague Plugin
Summary
by MITRE • 02/20/2026
Missing Authorization vulnerability in Zoho Mail Zoho ZeptoMail allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.
This issue affects Zoho ZeptoMail: from n/a through 3.2.9.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/21/2026
This vulnerability represents a classic cross-site scripting flaw that exploits improper input sanitization during web page generation processes. The weakness exists within the fox-themes Prague prague-plugins component where user-supplied input is not adequately neutralized before being incorporated into dynamically generated web content. This allows malicious actors to inject malicious scripts that execute in the context of other users' browsers when they view affected pages. The vulnerability specifically manifests as a reflected XSS attack, meaning the malicious payload is reflected off the web server back to the user's browser, typically through URL parameters or form inputs. The affected version range indicates that all versions up to and including 2.2.8 are susceptible to this attack vector.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from the application's failure to properly validate and sanitize user input before rendering it within HTML output. When user data enters the application through request parameters or form fields, the system does not adequately escape or encode special characters that could be interpreted as HTML or JavaScript code. This creates an opening for attackers to craft malicious payloads that, when executed, can perform actions such as stealing session cookies, redirecting users to malicious sites, or injecting additional malicious content into the page. The reflected nature of the vulnerability means that the malicious script must be crafted specifically for each attack instance and delivered through a malicious link or crafted request.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is significant as it allows attackers to compromise user sessions and potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. An attacker could craft a malicious URL that, when clicked by an authenticated user, would execute malicious JavaScript in the user's browser context. This could lead to session hijacking, data theft, or the modification of web page content. The vulnerability affects the entire Prague plugin ecosystem, making it a critical concern for all users running affected versions. The reflected XSS nature means that the attack requires user interaction, typically through clicking a malicious link, but once executed, the consequences can be severe. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-79 which specifically addresses cross-site scripting flaws in web applications, and it maps to attack techniques in the MITRE ATT&CK framework under the T1531 category for credential access through web application attacks.
Mitigation strategies should focus on implementing proper input validation and output encoding mechanisms throughout the application. The most effective immediate fix involves implementing strict input sanitization that removes or encodes potentially dangerous characters such as < > " ' & and javascript: protocols. Applications should employ context-specific output encoding, ensuring that data is properly escaped based on the context where it will be rendered, whether in HTML attributes, JavaScript contexts, or CSS contexts. Version upgrades to patched releases are essential, as are implementing Content Security Policy headers to limit the execution of unauthorized scripts. Additionally, developers should adopt secure coding practices that include input validation at multiple layers and ensure that all user-supplied data is treated as untrusted. Regular security testing including dynamic application security testing and manual penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in the codebase, with particular attention to areas where user input is processed and rendered in web contexts.