CVE-2025-69727 in Pronote
Summary
by MITRE • 03/16/2026
An Incorrect Access Control vulnerability exists in INDEX-EDUCATION PRONOTE prior to 2025.2.8. The affected components (index.js and composeUrlImgPhotoIndividu) allow the construction of direct URLs to user profile images based solely on predictable identifiers such as user IDs and names. Due to missing authorization checks and lack of rate-limiting when generating or accessing these URLs, an unauthenticated or unauthorized actor may retrieve profile pictures of users by crafting requests with guessed or known identifiers.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/22/2026
The vulnerability described in CVE-2025-69727 represents a critical access control flaw within the INDEX-EDUCATION PRONOTE platform that affects versions prior to 2025.2.8. This issue stems from the insecure design of URL construction mechanisms that rely on predictable user identifiers such as user IDs and names to generate direct links to profile images. The vulnerability manifests in two primary components: index.js and composeUrlImgPhotoIndividu, which together create a pathway for unauthorized data access through simple URL manipulation. The root cause lies in the absence of proper authentication and authorization checks that should normally validate user permissions before granting access to sensitive profile information. This weakness allows attackers to bypass normal access controls by simply constructing URLs with known or guessed user identifiers, effectively creating a reconnaissance vector for user enumeration and data harvesting.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability follows a predictable pattern where the system generates profile image URLs without implementing any form of access validation or rate limiting mechanisms. The affected components demonstrate poor security architecture by assuming that URL parameters are sufficient to control access, when in reality they provide minimal protection against unauthorized access attempts. Attackers can systematically enumerate user accounts by crafting requests with different user identifiers and observing response patterns, effectively enabling account discovery and potential credential harvesting. The lack of rate limiting means that automated tools can rapidly probe the system without triggering protective mechanisms, making this vulnerability particularly dangerous for large deployments where user enumeration can quickly reveal the entire user base.
From an operational impact perspective, this vulnerability exposes sensitive user profile information that could be leveraged for social engineering attacks, credential stuffing attempts, or further exploitation of the platform. The exposure of user profile images provides attackers with visual confirmation of user identities, which can be combined with other information to conduct targeted attacks. The vulnerability affects the principle of least privilege by allowing unauthorized access to user data that should normally be restricted to authenticated users with appropriate permissions. This weakness directly violates security standards such as those outlined in CWE-284, which addresses improper access control issues in software systems. The impact extends beyond simple data exposure to potentially enable privilege escalation scenarios where attackers can gather intelligence about user roles and relationships within the educational institution's network.
The mitigation strategy for this vulnerability requires immediate implementation of proper access control mechanisms that validate user authentication and authorization before serving profile images. Organizations should implement robust authentication checks that verify user credentials and permissions before allowing access to profile data. Rate limiting mechanisms must be deployed to prevent automated enumeration attacks and limit the number of requests that can be made within a given time period. The system should also employ randomized or non-predictable identifiers for profile image URLs to prevent easy guessing attacks. Additionally, implementing proper input validation and sanitization can help prevent attackers from manipulating URL parameters to access unauthorized resources. Security measures should align with industry best practices such as those recommended in the MITRE ATT&CK framework for credential access and privilege escalation techniques. Organizations should also conduct regular security assessments to identify similar access control vulnerabilities and ensure that all components properly enforce authorization checks. The fix should include comprehensive logging and monitoring capabilities to detect and respond to unauthorized access attempts, while also ensuring that the solution does not negatively impact legitimate user access patterns or system performance.