CVE-2025-70148 in Membership Management System
Summary
by MITRE • 02/18/2026
Missing authentication and authorization in print_membership_card.php in CodeAstro Membership Management System 1.0 allows unauthenticated attackers to access membership card data of arbitrary users via direct requests with a manipulated id parameter, resulting in insecure direct object reference (IDOR).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/21/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-70148 represents a critical security flaw in the CodeAstro Membership Management System version 1.0, specifically within the print_membership_card.php component. This issue manifests as a failure to properly implement authentication and authorization controls, creating an insecure direct object reference condition that exposes sensitive membership data to unauthorized access. The vulnerability occurs when attackers can manipulate the id parameter in direct HTTP requests to the print_membership_card.php endpoint, thereby gaining access to membership card information belonging to any user within the system without proper verification of their credentials or permissions.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from the absence of proper access control mechanisms within the application's codebase. When a user makes a request to print_membership_card.php, the system should verify that the requesting user has legitimate authorization to access the specific membership card data identified by the id parameter. However, the current implementation fails to perform these validation checks, allowing any attacker who can guess or manipulate the id parameter values to retrieve membership card information for arbitrary users. This type of vulnerability falls under the CWE-639 category of Insecure Direct Object Reference, which is classified as a serious security weakness that enables attackers to bypass authorization checks and access resources they should not be permitted to view.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is significant, as it allows attackers to compromise the privacy and confidentiality of membership data across the entire user base of the system. An attacker could systematically enumerate membership card data by manipulating the id parameter, potentially harvesting large volumes of sensitive personal information including names, membership numbers, contact details, and other proprietary data. This exposure creates substantial risks for both the organization operating the system and the individuals whose membership information is compromised. The vulnerability essentially provides an unauthenticated attack surface that enables data exfiltration at scale, making it particularly dangerous for organizations that handle sensitive user information and maintain strict privacy requirements.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should focus on implementing robust authentication and authorization controls within the application. The most effective approach involves adding proper access control checks before allowing any data retrieval operations, ensuring that each request to print_membership_card.php validates both the user's authentication status and their authorization to access the requested membership card data. This implementation should follow the principle of least privilege, where users can only access membership information that they are explicitly authorized to view. Additionally, the system should implement proper input validation and parameter sanitization to prevent parameter manipulation attacks, and consider implementing rate limiting and monitoring mechanisms to detect and prevent automated enumeration attempts. The solution aligns with ATT&CK technique T1213.002 for Credential Access and T1078.004 for Valid Accounts, as it addresses unauthorized access to system resources through the exploitation of insufficient access control mechanisms. Organizations should also consider implementing comprehensive logging and alerting systems to monitor for suspicious access patterns and unauthorized data retrieval attempts, which would help in detecting potential exploitation of this vulnerability.