CVE-2025-70328 in X6000R
Summary
by MITRE • 02/23/2026
TOTOLINK X6000R v9.4.0cu.1498_B20250826 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the NTPSyncWithHost handler of the /usr/sbin/shttpd executable. The host_time parameter is retrieved via sub_40C404 and passed to a date -s shell command through CsteSystem. While the first two tokens of the input are validated, the remainder of the string is not sanitized, allowing authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands via shell metacharacters.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/27/2026
The vulnerability CVE-2025-70328 represents a critical operating system command injection flaw within the TOTOLINK X6000R router firmware version v9.4.0cu.1498_B20250826. This issue resides in the NTPSyncWithHost handler component of the /usr/sbin/shttpd web server executable, specifically targeting the host_time parameter processing functionality. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation mechanisms that fail to properly sanitize user-supplied data before incorporating it into shell commands, creating a direct pathway for malicious code execution.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability demonstrates a classic command injection pattern where the host_time parameter is extracted through the sub_40C404 function and subsequently passed to a date -s shell command execution context. While the development team implemented basic validation for the first two tokens of the input string, this partial sanitization creates a false sense of security as the remaining portion of the input remains completely unvalidated. The CsteSystem function serves as the conduit through which malicious payloads can be injected, bypassing the initial validation layers and directly executing arbitrary shell commands within the router's operating system environment.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability presents a severe risk to network infrastructure security as it requires only authenticated access to exploit. An attacker with valid credentials can leverage this flaw to execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the web server process, potentially escalating to full system compromise. The impact extends beyond simple command execution to include potential data exfiltration, system modification, and establishment of persistent backdoors within the network. This vulnerability directly maps to CWE-77 and CWE-78 categories under the Common Weakness Enumeration framework, specifically addressing improper neutralization of special elements used in OS commands and command injection flaws.
The attack surface for this vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and scripting interpreter, specifically shell scripting, and T1068 for exploit for privilege escalation. Network administrators face significant operational challenges as this vulnerability can be exploited remotely through the web management interface, potentially allowing attackers to gain complete control over the affected router. The authentication requirement reduces the attack vector complexity but does not eliminate the risk, particularly in environments where default credentials are not changed or where credential theft occurs through other means.
Mitigation strategies should include immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK to address the root cause of the vulnerability, implementation of network segmentation to limit access to administrative interfaces, and deployment of network monitoring solutions to detect suspicious command execution patterns. Additionally, administrators should enforce strong authentication mechanisms, implement multi-factor authentication where possible, and regularly audit access logs for unauthorized command execution attempts. The vulnerability highlights the importance of comprehensive input validation and proper sanitization of all user-supplied data before incorporating it into system commands, aligning with industry best practices outlined in the OWASP Top Ten and NIST cybersecurity guidelines.