CVE-2025-9529 in Payroll Management System
Summary
by MITRE • 08/27/2025
A weakness has been identified in Campcodes Payroll Management System 1.0. The affected element is the function include of the file /index.php. This manipulation of the argument page causes file inclusion. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/04/2025
The vulnerability identified in Campcodes Payroll Management System version 1.0 represents a critical remote code execution flaw that stems from improper input validation within the application's core functionality. This weakness specifically manifests in the include function of the /index.php file where the page argument parameter is not adequately sanitized or validated before being processed. The vulnerability falls under the category of insecure direct object reference and improper input validation as outlined in CWE-20 and CWE-94, creating a pathway for attackers to manipulate the application's behavior through malicious input manipulation.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability allows remote attackers to perform both local and remote file inclusion attacks by manipulating the page parameter in the application's request handling mechanism. When the application processes the page argument without proper validation, it becomes susceptible to arbitrary file inclusion attacks that can potentially lead to complete system compromise. The attack vector is particularly dangerous because it operates over remote network connections, eliminating the need for physical access to the target system. This vulnerability directly maps to ATT&CK technique T1505.003 for remote code execution through web shell deployment and T1059.007 for command execution through web applications.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple data theft or service disruption, as it provides attackers with the capability to execute arbitrary code on the target system with the privileges of the web application. Successful exploitation could enable attackers to install backdoors, exfiltrate sensitive payroll data, modify employee records, or establish persistent access to the organization's network infrastructure. The public availability of exploit code significantly increases the risk profile, as it removes the barrier to entry for less sophisticated attackers who may not possess advanced exploitation capabilities. Organizations running this payroll system are particularly vulnerable given that payroll data typically contains highly sensitive personal and financial information that could be monetized on the black market.
Mitigation strategies should focus on immediate patching of the affected application to address the input validation flaw in the include function of /index.php. Organizations must implement proper parameter validation and sanitization techniques to prevent malicious input from being processed as part of file inclusion operations. Network-level protections such as web application firewalls should be deployed to monitor and block suspicious requests attempting to manipulate the page parameter. Additionally, access controls should be strengthened to limit exposure of the vulnerable application to untrusted networks, and regular security audits should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities in other components of the payroll management system. The implementation of secure coding practices and regular security training for development teams can help prevent similar vulnerabilities from being introduced in future releases of the software.